![]() A decade ago, Apple put out a 75-page book with this title, provided free to LaserWriter owners. It appears to be out of print, though I’ve seen it on e-Bay for $2 from time to time. It’s written for black-and-white hard-copy page layout, but many of the principles, with a little tweaking, also apply to web page layout. Here’s a synopsis: Planning & Organizing your Document: Considering the purpose of the communication, its intended audience, the impression you’re trying to create, document constraints (cost, time & resources for production), what design elements are appropriate: proportion (relative size of text, graphics and insets), direction (logical order and flow of the information), consistency (uniform look and feel), contrast and colour, restraint, spelling, grammar and punctuation. Typography (typefaces) and font (size): Limiting the number of typefaces (usually to one serif and one complementary sans-serif face on a page), good methods of emphasis (bold, italic, larger font) & bad methods of emphasis (mishmash of typefaces, underlining, fancy scripts), aligning text on the page (flush-left / ragged-right is usually best), ensuring adequate but not excessive spacing between letters, words, lines and paragraphs, and selective use of colour in text. Design Choices: How dividing the page into 2-4 columns of the same or different widths (3-5 columns for ‘landscape’ view pages) can help make lines of text readable and the positioning of graphics neat and proportioned, making headings attractive (e.g. by offsetting them from text, using wordart, surrounding them with white space, putting short headings at 90 degrees to the page, or putting them in reverse light-on-dark text boxes), how to lay out a resume (lots of white space at left), a press release (lots of subheadings, useful graphics), a business presentation (abstracts, useful graphics and insets), and a brochure (larger-font summary, creative illustrations, frequent subtitles, insets). See their example of a well-designed brochure above. Advanced Design: Adding visual interest by using a mix of heavy and light type for contrast, using intial caps and drop-caps, careful use of light (20% screen) greyscale illustrations behind text (as in the example immediately above), less-is-more use of white space, use of shadow boxes (see example below) and rules (vertical or horizontal lines and separators), Common Design Mistakes to Avoid: Distracting ‘rivers’ and ‘holes’ of white space, tombstoning (headings that disrupt the flow of the document so the reader loses his place), floating sub-headings (placed too close to the preceding paragraph so the reader associates them with what goes before instead of what follows), whispering (too small) and buried (too low in the page) headings and sub-headings, jumping horizons (text starting unevenly at the top of each column of a page), widows and orphans (a single word or single line stranded at the end of a column or page), over-use of rules and boxes, and too-small margins. I’ve written before about good weblog design and layout. And I know my blog is not a great example of design and layout, partially due to my lack of HTML skill and partly because if I spent more time on design I’d have less time for writing content. I’d love to know enough to use screens, curved text wraparound, drop-caps, shadow boxes, and increased line spacing. And I’d love to get rid of the annoying space at the top of the middle column of my permalink pages. Who do you think, from a purely aesthetic rather than functional point of view, has the best layout and design in the blogosphere? |
December 21, 2003
THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
December 20, 2003
SATURDAY SHORTS
Kucinich remains the progressive standard-bearer
Dennis Kucinich, in an interview with Salon and LinkTV shows why he’s the only real liberal in the Democratic race, and brilliantly deconstructs arguments he is ‘unelectable’. I’m just more and more impressed with him. I think he’d have a superb relationship with other world leaders as President, and having that kind of collaboration and cooperation, instead of the Bush bullying and unilateralism and confrontation, could make all the difference in the world. Even if 2004 is not his year, watch this guy — he’s not going away and could well turn out to be the best President of the 21st century. Costs for the poor and elderly rising disproportionately The Fed recently issued a report showing that, because health care, education and gasoline costs have risen much faster than other costs in recent years, and since these costs are disproportionately high for the poor and elderly, these already-disadvantaged groups are facing much higher cost of living inflation than the rich and middle-aged Americans. This is part of the reason why the gap between rich and poor continues to grow by leaps and bounds, and why low and middle income groups face such an enormous hurdle to improve their financial situation. Whew! Court overrules Bush on Padilla case There’s an excellent analysis in Human Rights Watch News of the overturning of Bush’s actions on the Padilla case. Jose Padilla, a US citizen, was held without permission to communicate with his family, without benefit of counsel, without evidence of any wrongdoing and without charge, under indefinite military detention, by simple executive order of George Bush. This blatantly unconstitutional act, which if upheld would essentially allow the Bush regime to incarcerate anyone they didn’t like anytime indefinitely without due process, has been ruled illegal, and Padilla has been ordered released. |
December 19, 2003
THE BOYCOTT LIST
As promised last week, here is the current list of especially responsible (socially and environmentally) and irresponsible businesses, provided by Responsible Shopper and vetted by The Better World Handbook. The documentation provided to support the company ratings is extensive and all available oline. The Responsible Shopper recognizes the fact that large companies almost always get accused of doing something wrong, and in their detailed profiles of each company, they give credit for each company’s social and environmental programs, and balance these positives against the negatives in coming up with their ratings. The company profiles also list brands and subsidiaries of each company (bet you’ll be surprised how broad the reach of these companies is).
I’ve simplified the ratings and categories, and omitted pure business-to-business companies (like mines) that we as consumers don’t deal with directly. I’ve also omitted the many companies that get a neutral rating from Responsible Shopper. You can help make business, and society as a whole, more socially and environmentally responsible by avoiding, where you have a choice, the purchase of products and services from the companies in the right column, especially the worst offenders marked with an asterisk. The companies on the left are mostly small and have limited product range, but in case you want to check them out I’ve provided links to their sites. Most of them sell over the Internet. As noted on my How to Save the World scorecard, my wife & I have stopped buying products & services from the companies on the right. Hope you’ll see fit to join us.
Generally, it’s also environmentally (less transportation) and socially (support local labour) responsible to buy local whenever possible, and especially to avoid buying products and services from countries that aren’t free (where sweatshops are generally common and environmental standards are usually low). So what does Dave buy? I confess I haven’t bought from many of the companies in the left column yet, but here’s who I do buy from: Airlines: I fly WestJet when I absolutely have to fly. I’ve cut my travel by 70% in the past year, and want to cut it further as soon as videoconferencing improves (and my new business Meeting of Minds will be helping it improve). I’m sure it’s just a coincidence that the top 20 donors to George Bush’s campaign are almost all on the ‘avoid’ list above, for either social or environmental irresponsibility. (Pictured: Patagonia’s fleece hiking jacket made entirely from post-consumer recycled materials) |
December 18, 2003
CAN GOOGLE CLEAN UP THE BROKERS’ ACT?
The New Yorker has such a wealth of good writers. This week James Surowiecki explains how Google, which is planning an initial public offering (IPO) of shares, could use the Internet, and a ‘Dutch auction’ to do so. Not only would that play exactly into the company’s strengths, and demonstrate how well the Internet can optimize a market, it would at the same time show how corrupt the existing IPO process is. Under that process, the underwriting syndicate deliberately underprices the shares so that immediately following the IPO the share price jumps — usually by over 50%. This is called a ‘successful’ IPO, since it provides a huge financial bonanza to the underwriting companies who can then flip their shares into the market at their real market price and pocket a fortune. Surowiecki quotes two financial experts who estimate that this process effectively bilked IPO companies out of $66B in proceeds that could have been used to build their businesses. Even the NYSE and NASD have acknowledged that this practice is sometimes “unlawful” and often “misconduct contrary to the best interests of investors”.
It would be wonderful to see yet another greedy large corporate oligopoly’s shameful practices cleaned up. It would be even better to see a New Economy company, and investors in a real open market, show how to do it. (If the link above has passed into the pay-per-view archives, e-mail me for a copy — then subscribe to the magazine) |
WE HAVE ALL BEEN HERE BEFORE
Three recent quotes from the Iraqi front:
“We need to pursue a new strategy of terrorism versus terrorism”
– US advisor in Iraq, speaking last week to Seymour Hersh
“With a heavy dose of fear and violence, and a lot of money for projects, I think we can convince these people we are here to help them” – US lieutenant-colonel, speaking to the New York Times
“We are going to have to play their game. Guerilla versus guerrilla.” – US militart expert in Baghdad, explaining the “incendiary” practice of employing Israeli commados and intelligence units to advise the US in Iraq operations
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December 17, 2003
MYRON’S TALE – A New Short Story
(Caution: this story will be disturbing to some readers.)![]() Initially, the government authorities were in on it, and it just involved kidnapping homeless kids in the slums of selected Latin American cities, killing them under a doctor’s supervision, and harvesting the organs. Vlad’s idea was to turn organ harvesting into a form of agriculture. Rather than incurring the risk and cost of kidnapping street kids for each new organ needed, it was his idea to breed organ donors. The Russians had studied the idea of doing this with pigs — breeding a special group of disease-resistant pigs and then cloning human organs onto them. So you’d have a pig covered with human ears, or lungs, and not only could you harvest multiple organs from one animal, you could breed the pig and repeat the whole process with the babies. It was a licence to print money, Vlad said. But he pigs rejected the organs, and so did the subsequent human recipients. Unfazed, Vlad brought in a consultant, a CIA-trained biotech expert known as “The Doctor” who said the same homeless kids they’d already been kidnapping were, with a little preparation, the ideal stock both for breeding and for harvesting organs. The Doctor prescribed the needed “preparation” — amputate and sell their limbs so they couldn’t fight or run away, and so they’d take up less space, cauterize their vocal chords so they couldn’t make noise, and lobotomize them so they wouldn’t really know what was happening to them. They called them “The Drones”, and bred them over and over, even bringing in extra money selling the valuable hormones produced by the pregnant females. The business was dubbed Eternal Spring Harvest — ESH. Vlad and The Doctor debated whether to allow The Drones to have sex, or to artificially inseminate them. Vlad said they should be allowed to breed naturally, but The Doctor said it was too inefficient. Besides, there was danger of damaging some of the dozens of exposed organs growing on each Drone during the act. Initially the market was the US, where there were already well-established underground processes for transacting in human organs, no questions asked. But heavy new demand came from some Mid-Eastern and Asian countries, which drove up prices and allowed Vlad to open dozens of new ‘plants’ nearer the new markets, where money bought even more privacy than it did in Latin America, and local ‘plant managers’ were easy to find. The only real competition was from Beijing, where organs of executed political dissidents were regularly harvested. The transactions had one-way transparency — ESH knew who the end-customer was (often politicians, business leaders, celebrities, even royalty), but the end-customer neither knew, nor wanted to know, who the supplier was. That meant almost every transaction bought absolute silence and secrecy for ESH. Even the most diligent human rights agencies concluded that “the alleged existence of such operations was probably a myth.” You ask, dear reader. How do I know all this? Am I perhaps a Drone myself, rehabilitated somehow, or one of the ‘plant managers’, or even one of the higher-ups? For who else could be telling you this terrible truth, that a world that puts such little value in life, and so much in money, and cares so little about suffering, could produce a business so monstrous? But I am merely an observer. My given name is Myron and I am in fact Sus Domesticus, a common pig, one of the failed experiments of the early days of ESH. And these are not my words so much as they are the interpretation of a Mr. Dawod, a gentle weaver who found me after I escaped from one of the ESH plants. Mr. Dawod, remarking at the strange and useless appendages that covered my skin, and being an educated man who knew we pigs are not stupid, and are endowed of excellent memory and great olfactory sense even over substantial distance and time, asked me to lead him, and the local lawmaker, to the place where these hideous crimes were perpetrated. I did so, and soon the place was crawling with all sorts of investigators, who, using the special types of interrogation used only by humans, cracked the entire ESH operation, in thirty countries. The raids all occurred at night, the ‘plant’ managers and staff and Drones disappeared, and all traces of the operations were eradicated without media attention. And sweet and caring Mr. Dawod paid for his terrible and dangerous knowledge with his life, leaving behind only this record, which I guard in the strange little hand-made pig-house he built for me. I think the closure of ESH, no matter how surreptitious the means, is good news for humans. As for us pigs, living our lives as objects of human economic activity is something we just accept, it just is. We’re not much for rationalizing or moralizing like humans. My main preoccupation when I was prodded and injected and imprisoned by the businesspeople of ESH, was not retribution or justice or liberation or peaceful death. It was, and still is, Where is home, and How do I get there? Because you live in such an artificial world, a world of your own making, where you are told so forcefully what is and what is right, you have lost your imagination. While I get great joy from imagining what it would be like to be a crow, soaring up in the clouds and spying my own dinner, earning it myself, or to be a firefly, you humans have lost that imagination, you have forgotten what it is to be in the real world. If you could only imagine, really imagine, what it is to be a crow, or a firefly, or a pig, you would not live the way you do. You could not. I am grateful that somehow Mr. Dawod had not lost that imagination, and understood what I was telling him, in my own way, so he could stop ESH and at least some were spared suffering. But it is such a small step. You have lost so much, and you don’t seem to be able to get it back, or even to imagine what your life and your world could be if you could get it back. You live lives of what is to us inconceivable imaginative poverty. You are very much like those poor souls in the ESH plants, who lost their limbs and ability to make sound and ability to feel, when they were so young, and never knew what they had lost, what enormous potential they had to be. Even now another man, unable to imagine, is thinking about the opportunity for another ESH, but this time even more secure, more hidden away from reality. When you can’t imagine, you can do anything. |
December 16, 2003
ANTI-DEMOCRACY FORCES SHOW THEIR STUFF
![]() I don’t know if you’ve ever participated in a protest, but if you have you know that it’s a high adrenaline activity. There is a kind of euphoric high that comes with exercising the right of peaceful assembly and peaceful protest with those of like minds — it’s the ultimate expression of democracy. And there’s a dark fear down in the pit of your stomach that extremists on either side of the protest line will provoke violence. When a peaceful protest turns violent, everyone loses. You can only hope that the provocateurs who infiltrate most well-publicized protests, and the police and other security forces on the other side, show restraint. In Miami, there was no hope of such restraint from the new supercharged ‘homeland security’ forces. They were whipped up into a frenzy by wildly exaggerated reports, including reports from the local police chief, of armies of anarchists descending on the streets to protest the FTAA. They were armed with millions of dollars in new high-tech enforcement equipment they were eager to test out. They equipped the mainstream media with ‘embedded’ military outfits so they could safely film the show. And they knew the FBI, Homeland Security and others were watching this as a test of next year’s security procedures for the Republican and Democratic national conventions. In short, they wanted violence, and were told to expect it. Our mother ship, Salon.com, has launched a series of stories on the erosion of civil liberties in America since the Bush regime seized power in America in 2000. The story of the FTAA protests leads off the series. It fulfils my worst fears about what has happened to an America polarized by fear, by political opportunism, by apathy, by an overwhelming sense of powerlessness, and by ignorance. It’s title, This is Not America, reflects the views of seniors caught up in the police state that Miami was turned into, a rehearsal of what ‘Homeland Security’ would like to see all of America become. Please read the whole article. What happened was nothing short of a police riot, a juiced up, power-happy paramilitary gang of government sanctioned and heavily armed mobsters running through the streets of a major American city indiscriminately beating, shooting at, arresting and abusing innocent and unarmed civilians, many of them not protesters at all, most of them in retreat from the unprovoked onslaught of a police force run amok. After it was over, it was declared a ‘success’ and a ‘model’ for dealing with future dissent. I was scheduled to be in Miami during the week of the protests, at a business meeting. At the last minute we were notified that we should move the meeting to another venue. The meeting was changed to Chicago, and our Miami offices, on advice of police, were closed for the entire week. The police state was clearly planned in advance, and they didn’t want any business people getting in the way. If they’d witnessed what the protesters did, they might have seen what is happening to America. And the anti-democracy forces now in control in America didn’t want that. Not yet. |
December 15, 2003
HOW THE STOCK MARKET COULD COST YOU YOUR JOB
![]() The Western economy, under the Bush laissez-faire business and trade doctrine, has become a dragon eating its own tail. While the dangers of the Bush regime’s political extremism are already evident in the chaos and endless war and violence that the regime has imposed on the world, the dangers of the regime’s economic extremism are just becoming evident. The neocons’ strategy of oversimplifying everything to single, extreme principles is undoing the checks and balances that are the only hope for a peaceful and stable world, both politically and economically. Bush’s economic extremism was best summarized by one of his own neocons, Grover Norquist, who said “I don’t want to abolish government. I simply want to reduce it to the size where I can drag it into the bathroom and drown it in the bathtub.” Thom Hartmann explains this horrendously simplistic and dangerous philosopy here. This philosophy might be summarized as follows:
As Hartmann points out, the anti-abortion, pro-capital punishment, god-fearing components of the neocon agenda are merely window-dressing to “fill the tent”. They’re expedient but not essential to the philosophy. With government control over big business largely eliminated, the economic system quickly becomes dangerously unstable. We have recently seen unprecedented whipsaw movements in stock markets and currency markets. ‘Free’ trade has bankrupted most third world economies. Small businesses have been crushed by the ever-increasing power of the oligopolies that now control almost every industry. More than half of us describe ourselves as ‘underemployed’ — doing work that is beneath our capabilities and underpaid accordingly. Most of us have our retirement incomes dependent on the continued prosperity of the Fortune 500, in which our pensions are invested. There is no alternative investment: fixed-income investments pay almost no interest (thanks to the successful corporatist campaign to brand inflation as ‘evil’, which it is not), and the housing market is so overheated that a bubble burst is inevitable. Because of the staggering and unprecedented US debt and trade deficit, interest rates are poised to spike, which will make repayment of mortgages and consumer debt impossible and force millions into bankruptcy, send stock and bond markets and the US dollar into a tailspin, and force abandonment of the US dollar as the global monetary standard in favour of the Euro. That in turn will force huge increases in tax rates in the US to repay the colossal debt. The chart above shows the Price/Earnings (P/E) ratio of the S&P 500 (blue line). With the run-up in the last week since that chart, the P/E ratio stands at about 30. That means that the average price per share is thirty times the average expected earnings per share for the next year. Why would people pay thirty dollars for a share that is only earning one dollar per year? Would you give someone thirty dollars today with the promise of getting a dollar a year in return? Of course not. These stock prices are discounting anticipated massive increases in profits for the S&P 500 companies in the future. One rule of thumb suggests that the P/E ratio discounts what annual percentage increase in profits is ‘built in’ to the current stock price. By that measure, the profits of the S&P 500 will have to increase by 30% per year, more or less forever, to justify the current prices. If you gave someone $30 today with a promise of getting back $1 next year, plus $1.30 the following year, plus $1.69 the year after that, etc., it now looks like at least a reasonable investment. So if the stock market (and your pension) requires the typical S&P 500 company’s profits to grow endlessly by 30% per year, how is that going to be achieved? Most of these companies are now global, so the increase is not going to be achieved by expanding into new markets. If they take over another company, they’ll have more profits but also more shares, so growth can’t come that way either. There’s very little innovation in the economy, and what there is tends to be more than offset by the inevitable drop in prices (and hence profits) once a product becomes ‘mature’. In short, there is no reason to believe that these 500 globally dominant companies can expect to increase revenues considerably in the future at all. Consumer debt is already at record levels, the little guys have already been squeezed out by the oligopolies, and spending on new products is simply replacing spending on older, obsolete ones. How do you increase profits if revenues are flat? You cut costs. Material costs have already dropped in recent years, so the principal way you cut costs today is by reducing the cost of labour. That means offshoring, outsourcing, getting rid of the union, firing older workers to bring in cheaper younger ones, and lowering product and service quality. All of that means laying off and under-employing domestic workers, creating unemployment and underemployment. This of course becomes a vicious cycle, since this further reduces consumer spending power and forces yet more ‘productivity’ improvements (offshoring and layoffs) to keep profits rising, the ‘Wal-Mart Dilemma’. Eventually you crash into a wall: At some point there are simply no further ‘productivity’ improvements to be had, even if you ‘win’ the treacherous Race to the Bottom. Then what? Then you realize that a reasonable P/E ratio for the S&P 500 is 10 to 15 (which is what it always was until a generation ago), not 30. After you’ve lost your job to ‘productivity’ cuts, and after you’ve been forced to buy stuff from Wal-Mart made and serviced by the third world people that took your job away, then you lose half or two thirds or more of your pension as stock markets tank. Mind you, once the calamity of the Bush debt, the Bush trade deficit, the Bush tax cuts for the rich, the profligate Bush war spending, the Bush subsidies and handouts to corporate friends start to register on the ‘free’ markets, you probably won’t have to wait for the no-more-productivity-improvements wall to eliminate your retirement income. The ‘efficient market’ should wipe them out well before that. And watch for an interest rate spike to accelerate the decline further, and a housing price bubble burst to accompany the collapse. Oh, well, there’s always reverse mortgages. |
STEVE RAKER ON SADDAM’S CAPTURE
I was going to write something about the capture of Saddam, but Steve beat me to it, and he expresses my feelings perfectly.
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MARGARET WHEATLEY ON AMERICA’S, AND THE WORLD’S, DARK NIGHT
Jon Husband of Wirearchy recently drew my attention to Margaret Wheatley’s site, and particularly this article. I have encountered Margaret’s work and writing often in recent years, and share both her concern about the fundamental problems of business and society in 2003, and her optimism about the opportunity for change. Here are a couple of excerpts from this recent article that I found especially inspiring:
I experience this as a dark time for America, where we have lost our way. I search to find the means for us to see clearly through the darkness. I want us to be able to see both the destruction, and the stars. I felt this even before we chose war, for more fundamental reasons. In the past several years, America has embraced values that cannot create a sustainable society and world. Presently, we organize our activities around beliefs that are inherently life-destroying. We believe that growth can be endless, that competition creates healthy relationships, that consumption need have no limits, that meaning is found in things, that aggression brings peace. Societies that use these values end up, as do all voracious predators in nature, dead.
I know that most Americans would be shocked at this list of national values, but I see them clearly in our behaviors and the choices we make. I also know that this is not who we want to be, so how did we get here? What happened to our ideals about life, liberty, democracy, independence, imagination? This devolution frequently happens to individuals, organizations, and nations. It’s a gradual and nearly invisible process where values quite contrary to those we treasure seep in and grow in power. As these contrary values are used in more and more decisions, higher principles recede into the background and have little influence. We may still think they matter, but they aren’t guiding our behavior. Usually, it takes a crisis and deep distress for us to look honestly at ourselves and notice who we’ve become. I feel that America is standing on the edge of an abyss, a dark night of the soul. In a dark night, meaning is lost, identity disintegrates, and we move into that most creative of spaces, chaos. W.B.Yeats powerfully describes a dark night in “The Second Coming.” I have no idea if America will acknowledge this dark night that feels so obvious to me. I can only hope some of us will be brave enough to ask, “What do I love about America that I want to preserve at all costs?” This question takes us into deep territory, revealing the qualities of life and human community that truly inspire us. And our connection to each other strengthens as we dwell in this life-affirming space. I always leave these conversations reenergized, stronger, bolder. At a personal level, I fear waking one morning from this awful trance that has dulled my imagination and heart, and wonder what happened to the energy and ideals I once had as an American. In his poem, “The Truly Great,” British poet Stephen Spender warned that we must: “Never to allow gradually the traffic to smother with noise and fog, the flowering of the spirit.” Sacred values erode so slowly, lost to our awareness through subtle, darkening forces. I hope we can find the means to see through this dark night. |




Kucinich remains the progressive standard-bearer
As promised last week, here is the current list of especially responsible (socially and environmentally) and irresponsible businesses, provided by
The
Three recent quotes from the Iraqi front:




I was going to write something about the capture of Saddam, but
Jon Husband of


