Dave Pollard's environmental philosophy, creative works, business papers and essays.
In search of a better way to live and make a living, and a better understanding of how the world really works.



May 31, 2005

Making ‘Sense’ of Health Care Costs and Other Complex Challenges

Filed under: Working Smarter — Dave Pollard @ 05:40
When does the pursuit of ‘best practices’ make sense, and when do we need to apply less precise but more effective approaches instead?

aha4This week’s New Yorker has another interesting column by James Surowiecki, entitled Local Knowledge, which laments the fact that there are huge anomalies in health care in the US from community to community, a result of a combination of local customs, patient demographics, and the varying supply and accessibility of practitioners and facilities. Great variations in treatment have been noted in many diseases and conditions, including serious and controversial ones like cesarean sections, spinal fusions, mastectomies, and coronary-bypass surgeries. Different treatments and variances in hospital stays mean great variations in medical cost, Surowiecki says, and this could be costing the US health care system billions it can’t afford. His prescription? Not a new government standards body, but increasing awareness of people about these differences, so that the ‘inefficiencies’ are driven out of the system by informed patients and caregivers.

What Surowiecki seems to be looking for is what in business is called ‘best practices’. What’s interesting to me is that business has recently become disenchanted with ‘best practices’: In a world where every job, every situation, every context is different, the applicability of some documented ‘best practice’ in any situation other than the one it was identified in is increasingly dubious. Dave Snowden articulates these three ‘heuristics’ about real-world knowledge:

Knowledge can only be volunteered; it can’t be conscripted.
People always know more than they can tell and can tell more than they can write.
People only know what they know when they need to know it. Human knowledge is contextual and triggered by circumstance.

So what we have here is a clash of two new and exciting philosophies: Surowiecki’s argument that tapping the Wisdom of Crowds can allow much better answers to emerge than relying on experts, versus Snowden’s argument that such ‘wisdom’ is possible and useful only in relatively simple situations where apples can clearly be compared to apples, and doesn’t work in the majority of more complex situations where every case is arguably significantly different.

An identified ‘problem’ in Surowiecki’s article is the large number of facilities and practitioners providing over-long stays to patients in Florida, compared to other states. They are drawn there, of course, because that’s where the customers are, and, as in all things, the work tends to expand to fill the available space, money and time. In public health services we seem to try to offset these ‘market’ tendencies by making sure both facilities and practitioners’ time are in constant short supply, in the presumption that this will yield less waste and force greater efficiency, rather than posing a serious threat to public health. And this is exactly the problem with applying mechanistic, industrial, simple-situation prescriptions to complex-situation challenges.

So what should we do when doctors in one community perform appendectomies and tonsillectomies four times as often as they do in the next community, of the same size, a stone’s throw away? Surowiecki thinks we need to figure out “how to pay doctors for the quality, rather than the quantity, of the care they provide” and hopes that “eventually people will start paying attention to the data and recognize how costly these variations can be”. But even he seems dubious of the possibility of either of these things happening. Of course patients need to be better informed about preventative health care, self-treatment and new knowledge about less invasive and unnecessary procedures. But health care isn’t like widgets, where differences in ‘unit’ product cost, quality and service are conspicuous. Every situation is truly different, and we’ll never come up with either a formula for determining the right health care answer, or an expert system that will tell us precisely where the ‘inefficiencies’ in health care are and how they can be eliminated.

Surowiecki suggests the problem is geography and parochialism. But geography is just one way of slicing community, and these days it’s not even the most important one. The issue isn’t isolation of community, it’s incomparability of situations with infinitely many different contexts. When the data is a million cases of one, the significance of patterns is likely to be illusory.

And health care isn’t the exception either — most of the products and services that are essential to human well-being, like education, nutrition, freedom, justice, security, transparency of government and a healthy environment are also enormously contextual, circumstantial and relative. Experts and advocates in these fields have torn out their hair trying to find benchmarks, standards, measures, scorecards and ‘best practices’ that will allow us to cajole improvements in performance from those we assess to be falling short. It can’t be done. Complicated solutions don’t solve complex problems.

The essence of Snowden’s new approach to sense-making and management ’science’ is to first assess whether the situation lends itself to simple-to-complicated solutions and approaches (like root cause analysis, systems thinking and The Wisdom of Crowds), or if it requires more complex approaches (like cultural anthropology, pattern-seeking, Open Space and emergent understanding techniques like the AHA! Discovery Framework diagrammed above). It doesn’t take much thought to realize (a) that most of the challenges we face in business and society today are complex, and (b) attempts to force simple and complicated-situation solutions in complex situations, like the deliberate starving of the health and education systems (and like the ubiquitous imposition of lousy service in all areas of business today), in the ill-conceived belief these will somehow mechanically force efficiency and productivity improvements in them, are doomed to make the situations worse, not better.

It’s time we woke up to the realization that industrial-age solutions are increasingly inapplicable in the information age, and it’s time we got over our discomfort with the imprecision, uncertainty, lack of causality, and non-amenability to command-and-control hierarchy that complex approaches entail. Managers, grit your teeth and prepare for some revolutionary new, difficult and important learning.

So sorry, health care fans desperate for solutions to spiraling costs. No ‘best practices’ or ‘popular wisdom’ answers here. Move along, please.

May 30, 2005

The Ten Best Games for Friday Night Poker

Filed under: Our Culture / Ourselves — Dave Pollard @ 11:37
pokerchips3Ten interesting variants for your neighbourhood poker get-togethers.

Turn on your TV and you’d think the only way to play poker is the boring Texas Hold ‘Em game. The big money tournaments have spurred an enormous growth in neighbourhood poker get-togethers (and lots of reckless online gambling), but if you just stick to the casino hold ‘em games or the old standards (seven-card stud, five-card draw) you’re missing out on a lot of fun. While I do agree with purists that some poker ‘variants’ aren’t poker at all, there are some great games that are poker, and which involve some intriguing strategy, bluffing, and even (gasp) cooperation. Or which are just plain fun. Here in Caledon our monthly get-together now has 18 players at three different tables (rotating at the breaks), so we’ve learned a lot of new games. Here are our current ten favourites:
  1. Do Ya: Like six-card stud, with a bunch of interesting wrinkles. Each player is dealt a single card face-down. All cards of that rank in that player’s hand are considered wild, including the face-down one. The dealer starts with the player to his left, turns over the top card from the deck, and offers it to that player. If the player wants the card, he adds it to his hand, face-up. If he does not, the dealer turns a second card over. If the player does not want the second card, the dealer turns over a third card, and the player is forced to take it. The dealer then moves on to the second player to his left. If there are any face-up cards after the previous player’s choice, the current player may take his pick of them. If he does not like any of them, the dealer turns over another card, just like with the first player. Once there are three face-up cards, the current player is always forced to take the third one. At the end of the round, any cards rejected by the last player are discarded, there’s a betting round, and the whole process is repeated five more times until each player has one down and five up cards. Best hand wins. You can usually guess what each player has down (wild) after a couple of rounds, so players try to appeal to others to sacrifice by taking a card that would be wild to the next player even though it’s of no value to them. The psychology can get interesting. The bluffing possibilities are extensive. And I’ve seen straight flushes lose. Note: we play this as a six-card game, one more than the standard.
  2. Pass the Trash / Anaconda: A delightfully aggravating seven-card stud variant. Each player is dealt seven cards face down, but must then (all players at once) pass three of them to the left (potentially breaking up a great natural hand). In the Anaconda variant, you then pass two more left and then one more left (all players at once) — though some dealers have the second and third passes going right, next-to-left, or across. A betting round follows. Now comes the piËce de rÈsistance — the ’slow reveal’. Each player discards (face down) two cards and puts his five best cards in a pile in the order he plans to reveal them. Then all players at once reveal one card, followed by a betting round, and this is repeated four times until all cards are showing. The game can also be played high/low or lowball just to add to the mayhem. Or for a truly perverse variant, have the winner split the pot with the player to his right (the one who passed him the cards). The order of the reveal can disguise a good hand as a bad one or vice versa — for awhile. Three of a kind can often bluff out a flush.
  3. Guts: There are many variants of this game; here’s the one we play: Ante, then each player gets five cards face down and looks at them. At the count of three, all players at the same time drop their hands if they’re folding, keep them if they’re staying in. Best hand wins the pot, worst hand of those staying in must match the pot. Deal passes left, ante and repeat the process (everyone’s dealt back in, even if they folded the last round) until only one player stays in, and he wins the final big pot. If the deal goes all around without this happening (i.e. with only one player staying in) a final round is played with everyone staying in and a regular last betting round for the whole pot. If everyone folds in any round, the highest hand has to ante for everyone for the next round.
  4. Choose Your Own: Like seven-card stud, except you choose your own cards. Each player is dealt one card down and one card up, followed by a betting round. Then a kitty equal to one card per player is dealt face up in the middle, and starting with the lowest card showing, each player in turn picks a card from the kitty. After another betting round repeat the kitty deal and selection starting with the lowest hand showing, until each player has seven cards (one down, six up). The order of choice tends to keep everyone in until the bitter end.
  5. Countdown: A minor quirky variant of seven-card stud in which the denomination of the wild card equals the number of players still in. You are not permitted to fold (and hence change the wild card denomination) unless you would have to pay money to the pot to stay in. So if you have a mitt-full of deuces down, you bet like crazy and try to force all but one other player out. But if you have a mitt-full of deuces up, the other players won’t bite.
  6. Follow the Queen, Bitch: A home-grown combination of two seven-card stud variants. In Follow the Queen, all queens are wild and the denomination dealt (face up) immediately after a queen is also wild, unless another queen is subsequently turned up, in which case the denomination dealt immediately after that queen is wild instead. If the last card dealt up is a queen, only queens are wild. If no queen is dealt up, or if the Queen of Spades (the Bitch) is dealt up, all hands are thrown in, the pot stays, only players who did not fold are dealt in and ante for the next round, and this continues until a round is dealt that contains at least one queen dealt up but not the Queen of Spades. In a seven-player game, at least one throw-in is likely and pots can get large.
  7. Threes Call: A variant of seven-card stud in which the recipient of the last ‘3′ dealt face up gets to declare whether the game is regular (high hand wins) or lowball. As each ‘3′ is turned up, the recipient must immediately declare regular or lowball, which makes the decision more complicated for the recipient of the next ‘3′.
  8. Diablo: A variant of five-card draw. Deuces are wild, and you can only draw up to two cards each. The wrinkle is that after the winner has collected the pot, if the person who opened didn’t win, he has to pay into the pot a penalty of twice the ante times the total number of players — The deal then rotates left, another hand is dealt to those who didn’t fold, they re-ante and play for the pot including the penalty. Rounds continue until the person who opens wins the pot. If no one opens a round, cards are thrown in and deal rotates.
  9. No-Peek: Purists hate this game, but it is suspenseful and can build some great pots. Each player is dealt seven cards (nine if there are five players or less), which are left face down and unseen by anyone. Player to left of dealer turns over a card, and each player around the table after that flips cards until they beat the highest hand showing on the table, which sets off a betting round. As each player runs out of cards without topping the best hand showing, he folds. There is no betting round after folds. This game can be played with wildcard variations, such as Woolworths (5s and 10s wild, 4s get an extra card from the deck, black 3s eliminate you from play) or Night Baseball (3s and 9s wild, 3s have to match the pot or fold, 4s get an extra card from the deck).
  10. Aviation: This is a less-boring variation of Texas Hold ‘Em. Each player gets four cards face down instead of the usual two. Each player must discard one card before the flop and another immediately after the flop. After that, usual Hold ‘Em rules apply.

We play with low stakes, modest limits and very lenient house rules. It’s mostly couples, though spouses traditionally start at separate tables. Winners at the time of the 10pm snack-break rotate to a different table. The cards speak, so if you don’t notice that your hand is the winning one, you still win. As you can tell, we go for games with suspense and drama rather than those requiring machismo or great skill.

At the end of the evening we traditionally play a decidedly non-poker winner-takes-all game called Chase the Ace to allow losers to recoup their losses. Ace is low in this game. Each player places three one-dollar chips in front of them. First dealer gives each player one card down. Starting to dealer’s left, each player can choose to ’stay’ or to trade their card with the person on their left. Player to the left must trade unless they have a king, in which case they show the king immediately. When the trading gets back around to the dealer, he can choose to ’stay’ or to trade his card for a card he cuts from the deck. Cards are revealed and player(s) with the lowest denomination lose and must pay one dollar chip to the pot. Deal passes to left and rounds continue until all players except one are eliminated (run out of their three chips). That player wins the substantial pot. It’s a game that’s mostly luck, but it can be very suspenseful.

And that’s how we spend one Friday evening each month, when we’re not trying to save the world and stuff.

May 29, 2005

‘Skeptical Environmentalists’ and the Passion for Junk Science

Filed under: How the World Really Works — Dave Pollard @ 12:08
How the ’science’ behind ’skeptical environmentalists’ denial of global warming can be traced to a typo, the rantings of an architect, and the conspiracy theories of Lyndon Larouche.

globalwarming6
I‘ve written before about our propensity and desire to be seduced by false comforts. We really want to believe what we really want to believe. And, damn it, if the facts don’t fit with our existing frames, beliefs and worldviews, well then change them, or ignore them, or find some that do.

Nowhere is this all too human tendency more evident than in deniers of crisis. We would rather bury our heads in the sand than believe a catastrophe is imminent. Every time a tyrant has plunged his people into horrific oppression or a megalomaniac has launched a brutal war against his neighbours in the quest of global dominion, thousands of normally bright, responsible people have shrugged it off as an exaggeration, an overstatement, a misrepresentation. “No one could ever treat their people as badly as some allege Stalin is doing”; “No one has anything to fear from Joe McCarthy unless they’re done something illegal.” “It’s just a correction, the market will bounce back by 1930″, We were tacitly complicit in the atrocities of Nazi Germany, Rwanda, and now in Darfur because we just didn’t, and don’t, want to know how bad it is. It’s upsetting, it’s overwhelming, and it doesn’t jibe with our parochial, rosy view of human nature. For every chance to avert catastrophe with prompt and decisive action, there have been armies of deniers, “do-nothing” advocates, tellers of Chicken Little stories, working furiously to thwart action, usually successfully.

One of the latest examples of this phenomenon has been the denial of global warming and the rise of so-called ’skeptical environmentalists’ (not actually environmentalists at all, but shills for corporatist mega-polluters, dupes and paid lackeys for others with a vested interest in sweeping environmental problems under the rug). There is a huge and organized effort underway to try to play into our desire to be seduced by false comforts on the environment. It is well bankrolled and very successful. And the media play along witlessly: Far be it for them to report on an issue the public apparently doesn’t want to hear about.

In a recent article in the Guardian entitled Junk Science, George Monbiot shows exactly how it works. Please read this article in its entirety. Here’s the punchline:

It is hard to convey just how selective you have to be to dismiss the evidence for climate change. You must climb over a mountain of evidence to pick up a crumb: a crumb which then disintegrates in your palm. You must ignore an entire canon of science, the statements of the worldís most eminent scientific institutions, and thousands of papers published in the foremost scientific journals. You must, if you are David Bellamy, embrace instead the claims of an eccentric former architect, which are based on what appears to be a non-existent data set. And you must do all this while calling yourself a scientist.

The dupes in this case include UK botanist David Bellamy (influential president of the Conservation Foundation, the Wildlife Trusts, Plantlife International and the British Naturalistsí Association), as well as New Scientist magazine and the Washington Post. The ’sources’ of the data allegedly counter-indicating global warming include a huckster architect self-promoting a book on a new ice age, and wacko conspiracy theorist, hate-monger and US wingnut presidential candidate Lyndon Larouche. Once a few ‘respectable’ dupes have been set up, the corporatist spin machine goes into overdrive, citing and reciting them, until the virus has spread so far that attempts to attack it are fruitless.

The neocon Bush administration has purged itself of responsible scientists and replaced them with deniers, an essential prerequisite to maintaining ‘plausible deniability’. A recent survey by UCS indicates that new corporatist bosses in environment branches of US government are ordering employees to falsify and suppress reports and ignore regulations to sustain this deniability. This is nothing more than cynical exploitation of the public’s desire not to know.

And meanwhile, corporatist mega-polluters like the huge Koch Industries (the second largest private corporation in the US) use puppet think-tanks, lobbying and huge campaign donations to get their massive environmental crimes settled out of court without criminal charges, and to get the environmental laws they routinely violate overturned, or at least unenforced. These crimes involve hundreds of cases of poisoning of our water and our air with tons of carcinogens and toxins, and the subversion of laws and justice that would put these criminals behind bars where they belong.

Never heard of Koch? That’s OK, you don’t want to know. And corporatist shills (you don’t want to know who’s behind them, and they won’t tell you who they are) will tell you that it’s all right, these chemicals aren’t really bad for you, and they have just the junk science to support their claims. Don’t you feel better now?

Cartoon by Tom Toles in the Washington Post

May 28, 2005

This Week’s Essential Reading

Filed under: How the World Really Works — Dave Pollard @ 16:05
godbasketball
M
y usual Saturday round-up of interesting and compelling articles from elsewhere that I’ve stumbled upon over the past week, this time with a decidedly political flavour:

UK MP George Galloway Rips Congress: Read the full transcript of the remarks by the guy who testified in his own defence against the accusing US Senate Committee on Homeland Security, remarks that were so devastating to this bunch of witch-hunting, bullying clowns that they have been pulled from the official Congressional record. You tell ‘em, George. Thanks to Cyndy for tracking this story: Here’s her link to an interview with Galloway by Thom Hartmann.

Empowering Citizens With Film: The illustrious Canadian National Film Board has a new program,  CitizenShift, to encourage and enable documentary and investigative film projects by ordinary citizens. It’s supported by a comprehensive online site with many excerpts from films made under the auspices of the program.

Reforming Education: Capitalizing on the success of some recent documentary features and the power of the visual media, a group of filmmakers is working with esteemed education critic John Taylor Gatto to make a damning and enlightening 6-hour documentary on formalized Western education, with a bold prescription for its long-overdue reformation.

Explaining the Red-Blue State Gap: US Conservative journalist Steve Sailer has written a fascinating series of articles on the demographic differences between red and blue states, and why those differences allow Republicans to win so many elections. The articles (Baby Gap, Marriage Gap, Mortgage Gap and Real Estate Gap) are supported by extensive statistical data. Sailer maps out a program for his beloved Bush that includes a strong anti-immigration and anti-environment platform, piping Canadian water in to make the US plains more ‘habitable’, and encouraging younger marriage and more babies. Thanks to Dale Asberry for the link.

Rediscovering Oscar Wilde: I read The Importance of Being Earnest in high school, but only recently became aware of how many popular expressions (the one I used the other day, “nothing succeeds like excess” and “a cynic is a man who knows the price of everything and the value of nothing” among them) were penned by Wilde during his short (he died at 46) tumultuous life.. Since then I’ve discovered these Wilde gems (remember many of these are tongue-in-cheek, and they’re all more than a century old):

  • Be yourself; everyone else is already taken.
  • Biography lends to death a new terror.
  • Nothing that is worth knowing can be taught.
  • I don’t want to earn my living; I want to live.
  • Imagination is given a man to compensate him for what he is not, and a sense of humour to console him for what he is.
  • The problem with conversation is that the clever people never listen, and the stupid people never talk.
  • A dreamer is one who can only find his way by moonlight, and his punishment is that he sees the dawn before the rest of the world.
  • We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars.
  • One’s real life is often the life that one does not lead.
  • Most people are other people. Their thoughts are someone else’s opinions, their lives a mimicry, their passions a quotation.
  • The aim of life is self-development. To realize one’s nature perfectly – that is what each of us is here for.
  • Man is least himself when he talks in his own person. Give him a mask, and he will tell you the truth.
  • Each time one loves is the only time one has ever loved. Difference of object does not alter singleness of passion. It merely intensifies it.
  • Beauty is a form of genius – is higher, indeed, than genius, as it needs no explanation. It is of the great facts in the world like sunlight, or springtime, or the reflection in dark water of that silver shell we call the moon.
  • Public opinion exists only where there are no ideas.
  • As soon as people are old enough to know better, they don’t know anything at all.
  • Whenever people agree with me I always feel I must be wrong.
  • A cigarette is the perfect type of a perfect pleasure. It is exquisite, and it leaves one unsatisfied. What more can one want?
  • How can a woman be expected to be happy with a man who insists on treating her as if she were a perfectly normal human being?
  • A pessimist is one who, when he has the choice of two evils, chooses both.
  • It is better to be beautiful than to be good, but it is better to be good than to be ugly.
  • Nowadays most people die of a sort of creeping common sense, and discover when it is too late that the only things one never regrets are one’s mistakes.
  • I think that God in creating Man somewhat overestimated his ability.
  • One should always be in love. That is the reason one should never marry.

Cartoon by Wiley Miller from the wonderful strip Non-Sequitur.

May 27, 2005

More on Lakoff vs. LappÈ

Filed under: How the World Really Works — Dave Pollard @ 14:12
The Idea: The only way to prevent extremists from holding nations hostage to their emotions is to devolve power so that no one wields enough of it to exploit it the way untrammeled tyrants and fanatics inevitably do if they can. And the way to reopen dialogue isn’t by re-framing, it’s by refocusing on what we can all agree on, regardless of frames: The need to create a healthy, happy legacy for our children.
therogues
Last January I reviewed George Lakoff’s book Moral Politics, which lays out the difference between progressive and conservative worldviews and ‘frames’, and explains how to ‘re-frame’ debate in positive ways:

Hold your ground. Always be on the offense. Never go on defense. Never whine or complain. Never act like a victim. Never plead. Avoid the language of weakness, for example, rising intonations on statements. Your voice should be steady. Your body and voice should show optimism. You should convey passionate conviction without losing control…Never answer a question framed from your opponentís point of view. Always reframe the question to fit your values and your frames. This may make you uncomfortable, since normal discourse styles require you to directly answer questions posed. That is a trap. Practice changing frames…Show respect; Respond by re-framing; Think and talk at the level of values; and Say what you believe.

Lakoff also explains why an appreciation of different frames is actually comforting (instead of seeing those with opposite perspectives as stupid or irrational, you start to understand where they’re coming from, and, sometimes, you get a better understanding of where you’re coming from). I worried out loud about our human propensity (a) to be seduced by false comforts and (b) to believe what we have ‘come to believe’ even in the face of overwhelming evidence of its absurdity. Such is our ability to filter out what doesn’t jibe with our preconceptions.

In the same article, I referred to Frances Moore LappÈ’s GNN essay espousing the need to move away entirely from ‘nuclear family’ frames (conservative = strict father; progressive = nurturing parent), and the need for progressives to acknowledge neocons’ willingness to use blatant lies, deception, fear-mongering and emotional coercion to meet their ends, rendering mere ‘re-framing’ an inadequate progressive response to conservative assaults on citizens’ opinions. I expressed my view that she was right, but that her (re-)frames were unsatisfying because they weren’t intuitive, visceral and engaging enough. And her argument about the ‘unethical’ nature of conservative tactics struck me as ‘crying foul’ just because the other team wasn’t playing by your rules — when the battle over public opinion has never been constrained by either principles like fairness, or accepted ‘rules’.

I recently re-read that essay, which was entitled Time for Progressives to Grow Up in light of events of the last few months, and realized I missed some of her points. She describes the neocons’ “ends-justify-means, destroy-the-enemy approach”, a brutal, manipulative and over-reaching strategy that is abhorrent to most of us of all political stripes, but the point is that it works. Killing the guy who seduced your daughter may not be legal or ethical, but it sure is effective. And that ferocity is the signature of the neocons’ high-adrenaline campaign to win the hearts and minds of the world at any cost, and is increasingly being used by conservatives outside the US as well.

LappÈ also makes the point that progressives need to call neocons to account for such extremist tactics, but warns this is difficult to do without “making those who have been manipulated feel ridiculed and put down”. This difficulty, and progressives’ reluctance to fight fire with fire (by using lies and manipulation proactively themselves) is precisely what the neocons are counting on. When such tactics are used by extremists from any side, moderation, civility, consensus, rationality and the truth always lose out. The neocons have learned this lesson from the successes of terrorists and warmongers since the dawn of civilization. Such provocation always leads to hysteria and/or escalation — and the triumph of extremism over moderation. As Oscar Wilde said, “Moderation is a fatal thing. Nothing succeeds like excess.”

Is there anything that can be done to counter this tactic effectively, and to keep things reasonable? Take a look at the situation in the Middle East or Ireland and you’ll find your answer: As soon as reason and moderation look like they might win the day, all it takes is one extremist act to nullify a generation of diplomacy and reasoned negotiation. We are at heart emotional creatures more than rational ones, and passion can always trump reason. I recently argued that this passion might just push the US over the line to totalitarianism — it’s happened often to democracies before, sometimes improbably. The only answer, I believe, is to devolve and dilute power, take it away from hierarchies and move it to communities, so that no extremist group can ever accumulate so much of it that they can use it to hold a nation hostage to its own emotions, which is the situation the US currently finds itself in. You don’t defuse a barroom brawl by pleading for civility, you arrest it by taking away the antagonists’ ability to fight.

That takes me back to LappÈ’s other quibble with Lakoff — the use of nuclear family metaphors to contrast frames. She argues for a new, broader frame of Strong Communities:

A ìstrong communitiesî frame might require progressives to stop, for example, talking about the ìenvironment,î which non-progressives can hear as a ìsoftî distraction in war time, and frame ecological challenges as threats ìto safe air and water and food.î We might stop talking about poverty, and alleviating it, which evokes images of do-gooders, and talk about ìfair-chance communities.î Stop talking about reforming criminal justice and talk about results-based crime prevention.

Regular readers of How to Save the World know of my passion for communities, and I do believe this is a psychological improvement over ‘nurturing parent’. And LappÈ does provide a host of examples that suggest there is a great appetite for moving much more human activity and authority (and hence power) to the community level from the state level (and to some extent even from the family level, at least for those who appreciate “it takes a village to raise a child”). Both conservatives and progressives share a loathing for hierarchy and bureaucracy, although they see them through very different frames.

But as I noted in my earlier article, in fairness to Lakoff, he suggests progressives use precisely these community-based re-framings to further appreciation and support for the ‘nurturing parent’ cause; nurturing parents, I suspect he would argue, instinctively ‘get’ the value of community in supporting the learning, nurturing, responsibility to all, and egalitarianism that are so dear to the progressive movement.

And the term ‘community’ does not (yet at least) mean the same thing, or as much, to many of our planet’s citizens as it does to us, who see its value in social networks, global communications, self-governance, ecological thinking, citizen boards and open source. To most of the world, especially those on the other side of the digital divide, community may more likely mean claustrophobic small towns, violence-obsessed neighbourhoods, dying farm villages, ghettos (of different types), despair and even tyranny (from warlords or tin-pot community dictators).

So I don’t think we’ve yet found the right frame that will bridge the chasm that extremists and isolation have opened up between conservatives and progressives. As much as LappÈ might want us to choose an ‘adult’ metaphor, I suspect that the best bridging metaphor might be another family one: Legacy for Our Children. The fact that 90% of the inhabitants of this planet want an average of 2.8 children each threatens us with extinction. But it also ensures that creating a healthy, happy world for those children is an issue almost everyone, of every political stripe, really believes in and can agree upon. And most importantly, it provides a platform for dialogue that is as close to ‘frame-neutral’ as we could hope to find.

May 26, 2005

Learning About Dying

Filed under: How the World Really Works — Dave Pollard @ 13:52
The Idea: Governments and organized religion exploit our ignorance and fear of death, to everyone’s disadvantage. It’s time we faced down the exploiters and faced up to death’s simple truths.
casket
Nowhere is our modern society’s squeamishness about telling the truth more bizarrely evident than in how we deal with death. In nature, and in gatherer-hunter human communities, death is witnessed briefly (a creature is killed and devoured by another, and usually within hours virtually nothing of its body remains) and accepted as part of the rhythm and pattern of life. Animals that reach old age generally choose to go off by themselves to die, perhaps to lessen the grief of their loved ones when that moment comes. Most animals live rich emotional lives, and undoubtedly experience grief over the death of a loved one, but except for animals with exceptional memories (like elephants) that grief would appear to be short-lived. There is no evolutionary (or any other) advantage to dwelling on grief, so fast healing is selected for.

Most gatherer-hunter cultures do not lay a guilt trip on their members at the moment of death, acknowledging that for every creature, both the body and the spirit are recycled in some way when we die. Death is acknowledged as part of the cycle, and is not cause for undue mourning or moralizing. Death, and the recently dead, are treated with great respect, and survivors honour the dead not by endless grieving but by living a full life.

Our culture takes a much more cowardly and perverse approach to teaching us about death. On the one hand, our ‘entertainment media’ bombard us with thousands, even millions of images of death, almost all of them ‘bad guys’ who deserved to die. This is a depraved way of numbing us to the importance and sacred nature of life and the arbitrariness of death, and overlaying it with a fake morality. When we witness thousands of fake deaths, almost all ‘deserved’, how are we expected to react when we see one in real life, generally undeserved? We are simply incapable of handling it, or processing it. Our ‘trained’ reaction is that it’s unfair, wrong, that only the bad die, so this must be some kind of terrible mistake. Instead of acceptance, then, we respond with anger, we want vengeance, someone to blame.

Modern organized religions cruelly exploit death to extend their power over their brainwashed members. If you lived a bad life, as assessed by some ‘higher judge’, you are condemned to an eternity of pain and anguish. If you fail to get last rites you cannot be admitted to heaven. When someone bad dies, it is divine will, and everyone else who misbehaves or doesn’t abide by the one true religion had better watch out. When someone good dies, it is because they were too good for mere mortal humans, so they were called to a divine purpose in heaven — No chance for a ‘put-down’ of those left behind is ever missed. And worst of all, we are told that all those who died are eternally watching us, passing judgement on everything we do. Death is not treated as an intrinsic part of the wondrous cycle of life, it is judgement day. And religious services encourage us to wallow in grief: The body is prettied up and displayed to a crowd who are encouraged to get as worked up as possible in their grief while some priest explains the ‘meaning’ of death. Then people are asked to come up and tell stories about the deceased until they break down. Finally, the body must be buried intact, wasting valuable land for pomp and ritual and depriving waiting patients and science of organs and cadavers that could save other lives. This, according to organized religion, is how we ‘respect’ the dead. Don’t let these leeches get their hands on my body.

And if we dare try to end a life when medical science can possibly extend it, even if that life is full of constant anguish and suffering, even when life has effectively ended (as in the brain-dead), organized religion and organized government rush in and prohibit us from doing so.

We may see millions of fake deaths on film, but our culture doesn’t want us to see any real death. Governments and the media are complicit in not allowing us to see the deadly consequences of our wars and acts of violence: No pictures of dead and dismembered Iraqi children lying in the rubble of aerial raids can be shown to the home audience. Even pictures of flag-draped coffins containing our own dead troops are forbidden. Those who have the temerity to die outside of the hospital or the nursing home are rushed to the morgue before anyone can see them.

The combination of this obsession, moralizing, denial, ignorance and exploitation of death only serves to increase the fear and trauma we feel when we actually encounter it. But if we just spent a short time thinking critically about it, talking to one another about it, and learning from nature, we could liberate ourselves from death’s exploiters and reduce its fear and trauma to us, and show a lot more genuine respect for the dead in the process. If we did that, except for those hopelessly under the control of organized religion, we would probably do the following:

  1. Prepare a living will for ourselves and encourage our loved ones to have one as well, to ensure that no extraordinary or grotesque measures can be taken by doctors or politicians or religious freaks to keep us alive against our will.
  2. Complete an organ and full-body donor form so that on our death our bodies are able to be used to make others’ lives better, and not become part of the human body landfill sites called cemeteries.
  3. Work to expand right-to-die and right to assisted suicide legislation.
  4. Talk with friends and family (especially children) about the simple truth of death and the folly of allowing it to be handled by exploiters and fear-mongers. Strongly discourage loved-ones from holding large, circus-like funeral and memorial events, and encourage instead simple, short, private and individually-selected acts of remembrance.
  5. Refuse to patronize films and television programs and video games that trivialize and moralize death and violence (in action films, it’s usually the evil-doers that die, painfully; in horror films it’s usually the sexually promiscuous).
  6. Patronize media that refuse to censor (or self-censor) information and images of death. War is only possible when the citizens who accede to it cannot see its ghastly consequences. This isn’t sensationalism, it’s telling the truth.
  7. Use our new and fearless knowledge of death to inspire us to live our lives to the fullest, instead of allowing our ignorance of it to be exploited to repress us.

Photo from The Memory Hole

May 25, 2005

Imagining Your Organization’s Future: Finding the Intersection

Filed under: Working Smarter — Dave Pollard @ 14:11
innovationspaceOrganizations tend to be, or become, innovative for one of two reasons: Either it’s their culture (the style of the people the organization attracts, or at least that of its leaders), or it’s forced by a crisis to innovate or die. But my experience has been that most organizations are not very good at innovation; they don’t seem to be able to put together the right combination of people, environment, incentive, process, and knowledge to get it quite right.

Great ideas, and real change, almost always occur at intersections, at juxtapositions that are often serendipitous but can be tweaked to advantage if you know where to find them. Innovation usually happens at the intersection of three spaces: What’s happening, What’s possible, and What’s needed.

  1. You discover What’s happeningby ensuring everyone on your innovation team is as knowledgeable as possible about the entire organization and industry, and current developments in every discipline and area of society that can have an impact on your organization: Politics and regulation, economics, demographics, science and technology, the arts and aesthetics, culture, communication and education. You can enrich your What’s happening knowledge with a Continuous Environmental Scanning process.
  2. You discover What’s needed by staying in close contact with customers and potential customers and investing time understanding their business and their situation, and ‘thinking them ahead’: What if this happens?; What if we could do this for you?
  3. You discover What’s possible by using your imagination, by bringing together the right people in your cross-disciplinary innovation team (including customers and potential customers, and creative and knowledgeable people from other disciplines) and using techniques to enable them to think outside the box, techniques like those illustrated below:

aha4

I’ve written before about this discovery process — a process suited both to solving critical problems in complicated situations and enabling a collective understanding to emerge in complex situations. There’s no rocket science to this: You can see children use essentially this process to solve problems, alternating between individual thinking and asking questions and the collaborative and discovery steps. I’ve seen every step followed, in almost precisely this order, by squirrels working together to defeat my successively more sophisticated squirrel baffles on our bird feeders. It works.

The steps in the discovery process Learn, Listen, Explore, Understand are designed to surface What’s happening and What’s needed knowledge. The steps in the discovery process Imagine, Reach Out, Brainstorm are designed to surface What’s possible knowledge.

It is the Imagine step that is usually most difficult, at least for us adult humans. For that reason most organizational innovation programs include some kind of Future State Visioning process — a powerful application of story-telling technique. But many of the Future State Visions I’ve seen are pretty timid, and reflect the myopia of the preparer’s perspective: Whether they work in the manufacturing division or the service area or the R&D department, their creative vision is pretty clear (but often not terribly bold) for the area of the organization they know well, and pretty fuzzy and naive as that vision gets further and further away from their area of expertise.

This is why it is so important to start off with the Learn step, and to have a preliminary session that allows the innovation team to

  • learn about what happens in the parts of the organization they aren’t familiar with (a key element of What’s Happening), and, even more critically,
  • listen to customers describe how they see the organization operating from their point of view and how they think it could be improved (i.e. What’s Needed).

Once you’ve done that (and only once you’ve done that) you are ready to effectively explore What’s Possible.

At this point you can jump-start the Imagine step by giving the team examples of stories of Future State Visions that differ dramatically from the Current State in different ways. Here are some possible ways to do this (my examples are just illustrations, your Future State stories should be grounded in knowledge of What’s happening and What’s needed):

  1. New Products: Envision the current core product of your organization disappearing (due to a disruptive innovation, or because it’s reached the end of its useful life cycle).Then tell a Future State story about how the organization might have rebuilt itself around a completely new product, one that’s consistent with its people’s core competencies. For example, if your organization sells audits, imagine that ‘fraud insurance’ had rendered audits of financial statements obsolete and unnecessary, and that the future organization specializes in environmental audits, audits of police behaviour during arrests, and audits of workplace conditions.
  2. New Process: Envision the invention of a completely new way of producing the organization’s current core product, and tell a Future State story about a day in the life of an employee using this new process. For example, if you’re in construction, imagine that instead of building on-site, the construction of entire walls is automated using modern, ultra-lightweight materials (with all the wiring built-in, and smart sensors that respond automatically to light and heat conditions). Imagine that all the walls are movable, reconfigurable. Imagine that instead of a concrete foundation the house ‘floats’ on a foundation that allows it to be disassembled and moved, and to be earthquake-resistant.
  3. New Distribution Method: Envision the delivery of your product in a completely different way — electronically, perhaps, or by you going out to the customer’s home or office instead of them coming to your office/store. If that’s too hard to imagine, think about $8/gallon gasoline.
  4. New Need Drivers: All businesses must meet a basic human need, and we’re accustomed to thinking that we’ve got them all covered, until an invention like the Walkman or iPod or Blackberry comes along and shows us that music and information and communication are so important we really need to have them everywhere, anytime. Imagine something that would usher in the realization of a whole series of new human needs. For example, suppose the concept of community makes a resurgence, thanks to networking technology and the growing popularity of intentional communities: If in the future many human needs have to be satisfied at the community level, instead of the more nuclear family level or hierarchical state level, how would that affect the need for what your company does, and how would you respond?
  5. New Customers/Constituencies: Networking and the Internet are changing the way we form relationships and affinities, to the point customers are taking over the marketing and development (e.g. Harley-Davidson Owner Groups), and allowing products to be offered to customers and constituencies that might never have been imagined. By disintermediating your suppliers, could you reinvent the way your industry relates to the end-consumer? Tell a Future State story about that.
  6. New Economy/Ways to Make Money: Outsourcing, globalization and offshoring are putting many industries through convulsive change. But as Marshall McLuhan said, “every service creates disservice”. Think about whether your organization should be outsourcing or offshoring in the future, but also think beyond that: Will swelling dissatisfaction over poor quality of offshored products, and worse or non-existent service from companies that do this, create a whole new set of needs your organization could fill? And if the Gift Economy is coming, rather than fighting it or hoping it won’t last, how could you embrace it and lead your industry into it?
  7. New Employees: Envision a future in which every single employee must add a great deal of value, and in which every employee is effectively a self-employed contractor. How would that affect who you would ‘hire’, and nature of work they would do, and hence what business you would be in, and what new businesses you could quickly and easily move into?
  8. New Attributes: Nobody buys a product, they buy the attributes, the benefits of that product. As Rob Paterson says, “we don’t need an air conditioner, we need coolth”. How could you reinvent your industry by better matching your product’s attributes to current and as-yet-unperceived customer needs? And don’t forget the extremely valuable attributes that technology inventors so often overlook: simplicity, ease of use, and good design.
  9. New Technologies: The technologies that will revolutionize your industry are not being invented for your industry. Be the first to study new and emerging technologies across a whole swath of different industries and imagine how they could be applied to your industry and your products and processes (more What’s Happening knowledge needed here).
  10. New Wraparounds: The book The Support Economy envisions suppliers collaborating to provide ’seamless end-to-end’ service, so you won’t have to deal with one organization for a product, another for servicing it, etc. — intermediaries will emerge who will sell you the cradle-to-grave benefit you’re looking for, and they’ll handle the dealings with all the different suppliers for you. How would this affect your organization. Are there additional services and benefits you can ‘wrap around’ or build into your product or service that will allow you to extend your contact with the customer beyond just point-of-sale?
  11. New Customer Experiences: If you’ve listened closely to customers give you their take on their needs and how well you meet them today, you should be able to envision a much-improved ‘customer experience’ that improves both customer satisfaction and your ’share of customer’.
  12. New Ways of Marketing/Selling: The rules are changing fast in sales and marketing as the tug-of-war between suppliers and customers for knowledge and power escalates. Today, in most industries, relationship is everything. Tomorrow, with the customer taking more control of the buying decision, but still valuing good relationships with suppliers (and finding them harder to find and afford), how will this affect how you market and sell your product?

These stories are not intended to be ‘answers’ on how to innovate your business. They are simply provokers, to get your innovation team to think outside the box, to stretch their ideas of what the company does, and could do, what the market is, who the customer is, and What’s possible.

If you’ve got the three ingredients right, you should start to sense an inevitable, and healthy, creative tension in the group that results from a growing awareness of:

  • what’s needed but not yet happening or possible (thinking too far ahead of the curve)
  • what’s happening now that is a barrier to realizing what is possible (”that’s not what we do”) or is disconnected from real needs (”they used to need that, hmm I guess they don’t anymore”)
  • what’s possible but not needed, or not yet needed (a solution in search of a problem)

It is in the discovery of what is, and what is not, at the intersection of What’s needed, What’s happening, and What’s possible that true innovation occurs. If you look at the great innovations of the past century, you’ll find they hit this sweet spot — often by luck, sometimes with brilliant foresight, always with great knowledge and greater imagination.

May 24, 2005

On Dress Codes and Uniforms

Filed under: How the World Really Works — Dave Pollard @ 11:13
uniformAt a recent poker night with a bunch of jeans-clad parents (age 35 to 55) I heard the following comments:

“I like uniforms for school kids because it removes the competition over dress and makes it easier to get them dressed and off to school in the morning.”

“The kids might as well get used to it. They’re going to face dress codes of one kind or another the rest of their lives.”

“I don’t think suits and ties are necessary any more, but I think people should dress properly at work — sloppy dress is a sign of disrespect towards the customer.”

“One thing I hate is being in a store or restaurant and not being able to pick out the employees — they at least should have to wear a uniform, and a distinctive one.”

“What they allow on the golf course now is ridiculous — jeans and frayed short shorts and t-shirts don’t belong on the golf course.”

“All I know is the people at work who dress the most conservatively get promoted fastest and most often, so until that changes I’m wearing a suit and tie.”

“Where I draw the line is the t-shirts that have political or drug messages or profanity. That’s too much.”

What happened to these people when they grew up? Talk to young people and they almost all would prefer if life were free of dress codes and uniforms. Is this really just “a phase they’re going through”. Or do we really get inculcated with the conformist propaganda of our culture as we get older, and go from being part of the solution to part of the problem? And is there perhaps a bit of jealousy involved (”I have to/had to wear a uniform so it’s only fair everyone else should too”)?

The official propaganda from the US Government is that uniforms for schoolchildren improve discipline and concentration and reduce violence, theft, and peer pressure, and also ‘red flag’ outsiders and gang members. There is absolutely no compelling evidence for this claim (and even some striking evidence to the contrary), so why would the government make such claims? Because they want their citizens to be obedient, passive, and as much alike as possible. This is why the military demands uniforms, taken to an extreme degree, even though varied attire would be harder for enemy troops to spot. Employers, of course, want the same thing. So, I suspect, do a lot of parents.

What is the matter with us that we don’t see uniforms and dress codes for what they are: An attack on our freedom and individuality, an attempt to make us conform and behave as much alike as possible, to be as much alike as possible? It shows how perceptive ee cummings was when he wrote:

to be nobody but yourself in a world which is doing its best, night and day,  
to make you everybody else
means to fight the hardest battle which any human being can fight,
and never stop fighting

May 23, 2005

Shades of Seabiscuit: The Heroic Story of Afleet Alex

Filed under: Our Culture / Ourselves — Dave Pollard @ 11:24
afleetalex
An astonishing story had its fourth chapter written Saturday. In case you haven’t been following, here’s the tale so far:
  1. The little colt Afleet Alex was not expected to survive his first few days. As his trainer Tim Ritchey recalls: “His mother had some problems at birth and unfortunately she didnít have any milk, so he was bottle fed by two little girls at the farm where he was for 24 hours a day for the first 12 days of his life. He learned at an early age that he had to be very trusting of people and thatís something that has carried over. To this day, he just has complete faith and trust in humans.î
  2. His breeder, John Silvertand, was diagnosed with colon cancer nearly three years ago, shortly after Afleet Alex was born, and given just three months to live. But the 60-year-old former Royal Air Force pilot has watched Alex combine natural talent and a remarkable work ethic to become one of the world’s best thoroughbreds, and has become close friends with the owners, collectively known as Cash Is King Stable. ìThe horse keeps me going,î Silvertand told the Associated Press this week by telephone before his departure. ìI truly believe heís helping me in my battle.î Cash is King is another Cinderella story, consisting of five Philadelphia friends, three of whom have never even owned a horse before, Joe Lerro, Chuck Zacney, Jennifer Reeves, Bob Brittingham and Joe Judge. They describe themselves as ìjust a bunch of knuckleheads trying to have some funî. Their love of the sport prompted them to invest $70,000 to buy the colt. They named it Alex because three of them had children by that name.
  3. alexslemonadestandSeven years ago, four years before Afleet Alex was born, ten-month-old Alexandra ìAlexî Scott was diagnosed with an aggressive form of childhood cancer called neuroblastoma. At the age of 4, Alex decided to raise money to give to the hospital where she was undergoing cancer treatment. With her parents, Jay and Liz, she came up with a tried-and-true approach: A lemonade stand in the front yard. Word soon spread about her inspirational fight, which she continued when her family moved to Philiadelphia to continue her treatment at that city’s cancer hospital. After local media reports on her fundraising drive, similar stands popped up around the country. Alex died last year Aug. 1 at the age of 8, but not before seeing the fund that she started with her little lemonade stand grow into the Alexís Lemonade Stand Foundation, which has now raised nearly $2 million to battle pediatric cancer and is working to raise $3 million more. The coincidence of the name, the brave fight against adversity and the Philadelphia location came to the attention of the Cash is King gang, and they called the Scotts and volunteered to donate a portion of the horseís winnings to her cause. The colt’s ownershave also worked with the foundation to sell special T-shirts, hats and buttons bearing Afleet Alexís likeness and bearing the words, ìCourage. Strength. Heart.î
  4. Afleet Alex seemed destined for greatness, and after a third-place finish in this year’s Kentucky Derby, his story attracted a record number of people to Saturday’s Preakness race. Silverstand and the owners were there, pitching in at the Lemonade Stand. And then as the race reached the final seconds, what looked like certain disaster struck. The horse in front of Afleet Alex suddenly swerved in front of Alex and clipped him in the knee with his back hoof. Alex buckled and lost balance, and, as NBC Sports put it “It almost defies explanation how an animal that weighs 1,100 pounds and is running at roughly 30 mph can catch itself as it falls, somehow ignoring the law of gravity by willing a spindly leg that is only about as thick as the human wrist at its narrowest point to halt its descent and return it to flight. To do so and then return to running moments after what must have been a deeply disturbing collision with mortality is even more remarkable.” But that is precisely what happened. To the amazement of the crowd and even jockey Jeremy Rose, Alex recovered and pushed past the other horse to win the Preakness by three lengths going away.

Watch the slide show, think about this story, and I dare you to keep your eyes dry.

May 22, 2005

gregor’s story

Filed under: Creative Works — Dave Pollard @ 21:14
forest

so the eight of us — we call ourselves the pod — our self-selected learning group of members of alathea community aged from thirteen to seventeen years, decided to walk over to the falls of the raven

as we walked we played logical and critical thinking games and together we invented this puzzle:

a city back in civilization time had seven toll roads from one end to the other; at each toll booth you had to pay one half of the number of coins you had in your pocket as a toll, and if the number of coins was odd you had to pay half of the (number of coins plus one); but the toll collector always gave you change of one coin — given this information, what is the minimum amount of money you would need in order to make a complete round trip across the city and be able to pay all the tolls?

i’ll tell you the answer later

we discovered and logged eight new species of insect and named one of them after each of us, once the library confirmed our findings after we electronically sent a sample of their dna to them

and then we talked with the birds — zari taught us some of the language of the jays, she’s the newest member of the pod and came to us as a wanderer last month; she has studied the languages of birds for years

in return jaco taught her some finnish words and we played a twenty questions game with the questions asked in finnish and the answers given in hawaiian (oliana corrected our hawaiian)

and then we did our sensing exercise: we decided on smell this time and agreed we could smell musk, though we didn’t know if it was from muskrats or beavers, and we smelled wild blueberries and angelica and jack in the pulpit and went on to identify thirty-four other smells but we can’t give you all of their names because for this english history writing exercise we are only allowed to use words that existed before the madman’s plague and back then in their global gulag they had pretty well lost their sense of smell and only had words for unimportant things

we took some air samples and sent them to the library and they told us which smells we had misidentified and which ones we’d missed, but we did get an award for identifying a new smell that was not in the catalogue and it is the smell of the dung of the insect we discovered that we named after venn so the new smell has venn’s name too

and then we came to the glade forest and the trees were covered with water droplets from a recent rainstorm, so we took pictures of the droplets and the light through the trees and the water on the spiders’ webs and each of the eight of us looking at these things, and then we tasted the water droplets from each tree, and the water from the spruces and the water from the ferns and the water from the birches and the water from the maples all tasted so different

and we ran through the glade forest showering each other with the spray from the trees until we came to the falls clearing

the telling of stories in this ancient linear english is difficult — we are tempted to start every sentence in the story with ‘and’ or ‘then’ and it is hard to know when to stop; and telling how several things happened at once, using a format that allows you to tell only one thing at a time, all in order, is very challenging

we think the english people in the time before the madman’s plague must have been very boring to have invented a language of such expressive and imaginative poverty

we don’t like studying the period of the global gulag just before the madman’s plague because there was so much suffering and misery and it hurts us to learn that people could do that to each other and to gaia but we know it’s important to learn it so we never let it happen again

it is hard to imagine people so squished together like that, so many billions each traveling each day from the office-work prisons to the family-house prisons, never questioning because it was the only life they had known for millennia after the ice ages and the extinction of large prey and then the civilization time with its great forgetting until everyone thought that was the only way and were afraid to live differently

it makes us cry to think of this; how could it happen? and we also know that with everyone having babies back then because their religions and governments told them that was right there were a lot of very ugly and unfit and sickly humans and that too is hard to imagine — ugh! no wonder in those days humans wore clothes

at the falls clearing we stopped to rest; we picked some wild currants and raspberries to go with the nuts and berries we had brought from the alathea grove and ate them with crispbreads and garbanzos and raw vegetables

zari and i sat face to face and fed each other berries and caressed each other and started feeding each other from our mouths and then got carried away and sixty-nined for awhile; she tasted new and foreign and delightful and i was glad she had joined us from the wanderers, and then when she came lots and laughed and cried out ‘no more’ (in danish which she is also teaching us) we lay for a few minutes and she taught me more jay language and then i pulled her up and we joined the others

they had been watching us and we had precipitated a bit of an orgy but we had outlasted them and they were playing keep-away with a reproduction of a relic from pre-madman’s plague days called a ‘nerf ball’ — we joined the game and it was wonderful; there is no better way to stay fit than playing a vigorous game that is challenging but which no one wins or loses, and soon we were so exhausted we were falling down and laughing so hard it hurt

so for awhile we just lay in a big pile, heads on each other’s laps staring at the sky and playing with each other’s hair and talking with the birds until anneke hushed us and we stayed very still and six graceful white-tailed deer walked into the clearing beside us and we spoke to them in human and bird and mammal tongues and lief made his wonderful impression of the sound of a running stream and one of the fawns bounded over and licked him on the face

and we all laughed and got up and played hide-and-seek with the fawns while the adult deer watched and grazed

anneke told us that in the time before the madman’s plague humans ate deer and kept animals as food-slaves (shudder!) and the other animals all told each other how humans treated gaia so all the other animals were afraid of humans and ran away as soon as they saw or smelled them so man was left alone and lonely, never playing with other animals — this too makes us sad

so we ran around and played with the fawns and we nuzzled them and they nuzzled us back until the adult deer told the fawns it was time to go, and they walked over to the clearing stream and drank and then crossed over and disappeared into the forest on the other side

by then the sun had gone behind some storm clouds and we sat together and did our meditation and it began to rain but we sat in our circle in the downpour just letting it fall over us and we told each other how much we loved each other and our time and this place, our home

for our composition exercise we composed a poem out loud, and restating it as each part was added so we would not forget it even though we were not writing it down, since this was also an oral culture lesson, and the composition was about a first kiss between two people and it went like this:

it is the waiting, the anticipation,
that makes the first kiss so exquisite:
our eyes soften, and we signal its coming, its desire
by glancing between each other’s eyes and lips

and as our mouths open, it is in a smile, coy, inviting
and our mouths salivate
in anticipation of its sweetness
and we get close enough to smell each other’s breath
as soft as a whisper
and sense each other’s breathlessness

and the few seconds as our mouths draw close
stretch out to an eternity, as time stops:
(if only this moment could truly never end!)
and as our lips touch we slow our approach even more
relishing each millisecond, each micrometer

and then our hearts pound and leap, and we are one,
and we begin to explore each other, as a wilderness,
the discovery of a wondrous new territory,
the learning of new wants, pleasures, gentle joys

we taste each other with abandon, as we would
if starving, and given bread
or expiring of heat and thirst, and given water
we gorge ourselves on the sweet flavours
of each other’s souls

it is as if the rest of the universe is rushing away from us
at the speed of light
there is only we two, one, together, locked, lost

and we must close our eyes
or go blind with the sheer intensity of this instant

this first kiss is a gift we give each other
its power as intense
as the explosion, the infinitesimal instant
when the universe began

and then lissa taught us some new tantra and we kissed and made love to each other very slowly for a long time, teasing and making it last and holding back, especially the guys, and it got very intense and we were all crying and saying how much we loved each other and oliana said if she was ever parted from us she would die

and then it was time to go home — we walked slowly, hand in hand, and told each other stories from the lore of other cultures we had studied, including an amazing one that zari told about the innu peoples before the madman’s plague: it seems they lived in a climate that was very cold so they studied the wild animals and birds and they made their clothes like the fur of the wolves and feathers of the ravens and so they were the only humans in that time who didn’t need to build and live inside ‘buildings’ apart and cut off from gaia and each other, because their clothes were their buildings; and they laughed at strangers from other cultures who visited and felt sorry for them for having such poor ‘buildings’, because these strangers just didn’t understand

it is hard to conceive of living in the time of the great forgetting when people had such poor imaginations and were so full of fear — i think if i had lived then i would have killed myself, though maybe if i was like them and couldn’t imagine another way to live and was told all humans were meant to live in a world of struggle and suffering, and that killing yourself was wrong, i would go on living even though i think such a life would be worse than death; maybe i would have become the madman

as we got near home we came upon a pack of wolves and we nodded to the alphas and acknowledged them as our brothers and sisters and they acknowledged us back, and one of the baby wolf cubs came over to us, smelling the deer on us perhaps, and gnawed on jaco’s hand, so we gave it the ‘nerf ball’ and it played with the ball just like a dog would; and then we took our leave and returned to the alathea commons and did our chores and studies until it was time to sleep

this is the end of our composition in antique linear written english — i know the syntax and flow are not correct but i think the words are all authentic from the time before the madman’s plague and the grammar is correct; it is a terrible, confining language, so inflexible, and poor in important vocabulary and sensory and emotional nuance, so i guess it is no wonder that the people of those times lacked imagination and lived in a fearful world, hidden inside their own minds

oh, and the answer to the puzzle, of course, is two coins, any two coins

[written on behalf of the pod of alathea, by gregor, date AMP 546.217]

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