Dave Pollard's environmental philosophy, creative works, business papers and essays.
In search of a better way to live and make a living, and a better understanding of how the world really works.



February 18, 2006

Links for the Week – Feb. 18/06

Filed under: Our Culture / Ourselves — Dave Pollard @ 12:48
birdbath

The Music I Love:
After complaining about Pandora’s music recommendations last Saturday (some readers find Pandora works just fine for them, BTW), I decided to try another tool called Last.fm recommended by reader Ed Dowding. It’s a lot more work, but I really like the design, and the early results are more promising. Last.fm not only recognized Trespassers William, it gave me a list of other fans, their rankings of all the band’s music, and some other groups that members have ‘tagged’ with the same identifiers (e.g. for Trespassers William: female vocalists, singer-songwriters, and ‘shoegaze’, which apparently is a genre). When you sign up you get your own page, which lets you chat with other fans and set up ‘groups’ around common interests. It also sets up several types of custom ‘radio stations’ that play tracks that it thinks you might like. If you get the iTunes plugin, the site will monitor and log the music you play, listing your favourite groups and songs each week and cumulative to date. When you’ve logged enough, it will identify ‘neighbours’, members whose music tastes correlate closely with your own, and let you play a ‘radio station’ of their favourite music. The site has two major weaknesses: You can only listen music that Last.fm has the rights to ‘broadcast’ (substantial, but frustratingly limited when you get away from the mainstream); and the track identifier needs to be made ‘smarter’ (type ‘the’ in front of a song name and it thinks it’s a different song, and even using lower case creates a ‘different’ song in its listings than mixed case). Here’s my page, with a third of my iTunes music captured so far. The premium ‘subscription‘ is quite appealing for 3Ä a month — most notably it would create a ‘radio station’ of my favourite music that readers of my blog could tune to while they’re reading.

Blog About Women Musicians: Speaking of music, womanfolk is a great blog that specializes in news and music samples by great women singer-songwriters.

Why This Blog Will Never Win an Award: I’m honoured to have been nominated once again for a Koufax award (best writing on a ‘progressive’ blog). The problem for me is that only 5-10% of my articles are about progressive political and economic issues. I’ve been nominated for a Canadian blog award (but only 2% of my articles are about Canadian matters), and several business blog awards (perhaps 20% of my posts are business related). I don’t know if there’s an award for environmental blogs, but I wouldn’t win it either, since I don’t give readers the one critical thing that all award-winning blogs need to provide: reassurance. Ecoblogs like WorldChanging and TreeHugger, in addition to having multiple writers, take a very upbeat, “we’re gonna beat this thing”, techno-positive approach to the subject, not the “carry that weight” grim assessment of the chances of all our efforts actually saving the world that characterizes my blog. In my much-cited list of what blog readers want, at the bottom of the right sidebar of my blog, I deliberately chose to omit reassurance — that they’re doing the right thing(s), that they’re not alone in their opinions and feelings, that the problems in the world are not their fault. I thought it might make the list seem cynical. But readers (and not just blog readers) do want reassurance, not challenges to their thinking. And I just can’t, won’t, do that just to make this blog more popular. So thank you, nominators, it is wonderful to be recognized, and pleased don’t get discouraged just because I never win. I don’t.

Peak Oil Was Reached Two Months Ago: A new analysis suggests that peak oil — the maximum monthly global production point, and the point at which more than half of all the oil than can ever economically be expected to be brought online, has been, was reached in December. It’s all downhill from here. Thanks to Dale Asberry for this link and the one that follows.

Our Unconscious Minds Make Better Complex Decisions: A new study claims that when it comes to simple or merely complicated decisions (where the number of variables to consider is finite, and their relationship knowable), we should make those decisions consciously. But when it comes to complex decisions, our conscious minds cannot handle the fact that there are too many variables to assess, and that their relationship is unknowable — they keep trying to reduce the complexity to less than what it is, leading to poor decisions. Better to sleep on it, and let our instincts, emotions, and subconscious minds mull it over. And if you’re an insomniac, this may be the cause — your left brain trying, futilely, to process the infinite and irreducible. Calm it by doing something right-brained (singing, drawing etc.) just before you retire.

Comment corriger des fautes: Il y a un nouveau site qui s’appelle lepatron.ca qui permet d’identifier des fautes d’orthographe et de grammaire que l’on trouve frÈquemment dans les travaux Ècrits des apprenants de franÁais langue seconde. Je vais l’utiliser souvent. (A new site that corrects grammar and spelling of competent, but non-expert, non-native,Francophones).

Delightful bird photo from Kevin Cameron at Bastish.

February 17, 2006

Health, Education, and Learned Helplessness

Filed under: How the World Really Works — Dave Pollard @ 14:34
influenza
Model of an influenza virus
One of the greatest revelations that has come out of my research for my book The Natural Enterprise is something that should have been obvious, and should be obvious to all of us: Our education systems prepare us for dependence on employment by large corporations and government organizations. Why? Because this is the most ‘manageable’ way to run the system, and conveniently keeps us in our place. If the system were to equip us to be independent entrepreneurs, there would be a number of unpleasant consequences for the established wealth and power hierarchy:
  • Large employers would have to offer a lot more to attract the top graduates: more money, more freedom, more flexibility.
  • The burgeoning ranks of informed and educated entrepreneurs would begin to realize how the economic system is stacked in favour of large corporations (the accommodation of price-fixing, uninnovative, choice-limiting oligopolies, the massive subsidies given almost exclusive to huge multinational corporations, the trade agreements favourable to multinationals over smaller businesses etc.) and would hence demand that that system be changed.
  • A vastly larger number of entrepreneurial businesses would network and collaborate to counter the artificially-maintained bargaining advantage of large corporations in their dealings with suppliers, and end the ‘Wal-Mart’ distortions of the economy.
  • More agile, innovative entrepreneurs would threaten the huge profit margins and market dominance of the large corporations, and possibly innovate them out of existence.
  • Customers, given a much broader choice of higher-quality, more innovative products from more socially and environmentally responsible entrepreneurs, at competitive prices, would desert the large corporations.

Why would the government be complicit in this? Because their campaign funds come substantially from these large corporations. Because corporate donations to universities (although these generally come with a steep ‘price’), and to other parts of the education system, allow governments to run education more cheaply.

I’m not saying there’s a conspiracy here. Education, like any other complex system, evolves and adapts. I don’t think anyone systematically ‘programmed’ education to be this way (there are many alternative education systems out there, but the ones that endure tend to exhibit many of the same characteristics as the ‘mainstream’ system) — despite the fact that some early education leaders were quite open about designing and using the system to suppress the population as a whole, and to meet the needs of the corporate sector.

Like any large centralized system, education has become unwieldy, inflexible, and ineffective. It will take any help it can get. It will even accommodate lots of progressive teachers, locking them inside the academic system where they can cause minimal disruption, shrugging off their criticisms of the system that feeds them as ‘academic’ (i.e. impractical, unrealistic) harangues, and conveniently blaming them for the failure of the system to do more than produce ‘consumers’ who (to quote Jerry Michalski) are “nothing more than gullets whose only purpose in life is to gulp products and crap cash.” Our entire economic system has evolved around certain accepted rules (maximize profit for shareholders at any cost, buy and sell favour, reduce competition and diversity, avoid risk, standardize everything, ignore ‘externalities’ like pollution and social costs, grow or die) and the education system, as a component of the economic system, inevitably follows those rules.

So we have people coming out of high school and university who must rely on finding menial corporate jobs or exploiting connections in high places to get plum jobs they don’t deserve, since they cannot provide for themselves. They do not know how to ‘make a living’. Entrepreneurship is painted as a high-risk, high-sweat, lonely alternative, whose end state is, at best, the development and sale of hard-fought innovations to corporate buyers and early retirement to something less exhausting, and, at worst, a life of never-ending stress and strife for subsistence survival. And since we don’t teach entrepreneurship, the students have no way of knowing whether this grim portrait is accurate or not. Hence — an endemic state of learned helplessness. Tow the line, kow-tow to the boss, do what you’re told and maybe, if you’re good and lucky, or well-connected, you may work your way ‘up’ to a middle management position and inflict learned helplessness on the next generation in your chosen ‘profession’. The perfect hierarchical system.

Don’t get me wrong — I don’t think the purpose of education should be to learn a trade and nothing more. It should teach all the critical life skills (most of which cannot effectively be learned in a classroom, but that’s another issue) — of which ‘making a living’ is just one. One that it fails spectacularly to do, by any measure except the inculcation of learned helplessness and the resignation to a life of dependence.

That dependence and helplessness is then further entrenched by the creation of artificial scarcities — shortage of houses near (ironically) good schools, shortage of quality health care (unless provided by your large corporate employer’s ‘largesse’), a shortage of (perceived) security. These shortages in turn produce the two-income trap, and addiction to consumption and to the debt that enables it. The cycle is complete.

This got me thinking about our health-care systems. Public and private, they, too, now have produced a cycle of learned helplessness. The first step in this process was probably the fault of (who else) the lawyers: Until about a century ago, in most affluent nations you had the right to self-administer health care. If you preferred heroin or leeches as a treatment over what the doctors of the day were prescribing, and if you could afford them, it was your right to treat your body with whatever medicines you thought appropriate. Then the lawyers and doctors decided we were too stupid to make such decisions, and the concept of ‘prescription’ medicine was born, the paternalistic system that says you have to convince (or bribe) a doctor to let you take the medicines you want. Since then the number of restricted substances has ballooned. At the same time, in a grim irony, the number of chemicals we are forced to ingest, as a result of the pollution of our air and water by large corporations, and the deliberate poisoning of our food with toxic antibiotic (“against life”) chemicals and hormonal stimulants, has also ballooned. All in the name of maximizing profit for shareholders at any cost (“we’re not doing anything illegal“).

Something clearly had to be done to protect the corporations and doctors from lawsuits for poisoning the citizens. What they came up with was a stroke of genius which entrenched learned helplessness irrevocably: They told us that illness isn’t the result of environmental poisoning — it’s all caused by tiny invisible microbes that ‘medical science’ hasn’t got around to finding ways to kill yet. The elimination of some horrific diseases — notably smallpox and polio — led credence to this claim. All that was needed was for the new pharmaceutical industry to get trillions of dollars of taxpayer money — some of which they would generously kick back to the university and hospital systems — and the right to charge whatever it cost to find each killer drug, and (if we could afford it) we would live healthy forever. So we needn’t worry about our own health anymore, or that mercury in the water or that lead in the air or those hormones in our hamburgers — the panaceas will all be forthcoming soon with good ol’ Western know-how.

A colleague of mine, Greg Turko, pointed me to an article yesterday in this month’s (March) Harper’s Magazine called “Out of Control — AIDS and the Corruption of Medical Science” by Celia Farber, which made me realize how much I’ve fallen victim to this beguiling myth myself. Farber has been arguing for a dozen years, and has been much ridiculed, but mostly ignored, for doing so, that not only is there no compelling evidence that AIDS is ’caused’ by the HIV virus, but that it is not caused by any virus or microbe whatsoever.

I have heard these claims before, but they seemed preposterous to me, the stuff of conspiracy theory. But then I read an article by a virologist Peter Duesberg, who says the reason we (the medical profession included) were so willing to believe that AIDS was caused by a virus is that:

  • It simplifies a horrifically complex, intractable, wicked problem
  • It removes all the ‘fear of the unknown’ that surrounds all new diseases (consider how we responded to SARS, Mad Cow and now the Poultry Flu), and
  • It removes from us (individuals and corporations alike) all the moral responsibility that would attach to an illness if it were caused by lifestyle and/or environmental poisoning.

No conspiracy. We just wanted to believe. Just some nasty virus spread by some lunatic in Africa fucking monkeys. Just give Big Pharma a few billion and they’ll find something that will kill it. The appealing thing about Learned Helplessness is we’re not responsible for fixing the problem.

Duesberg’s arguments (which Farber also makes in the Harper’s article) are very compelling. Just as Steven Levitt dissected the phony correlations between gun control, or stiffer prison sentences, and reduced crime in US cities, Duesberg dissects the equally flimsy correlations between the occurrence of a certain type of retrovirus (christened HIV) and the onset of a suite of cascading, often-fatal diseases (only some of which are immune deficiency diseases) that have come to be called AIDS. What is most distressing is:

  • Because the occurrence of AIDS symptoms and deaths in the absence of HIV can no longer be called AIDS (it must be reported instead as “idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia”) the connection between HIV and AIDS is now tautological — so all evidence counterindicating a connection between the two is automatically ignored.
  • Pressure to come up with a ‘killer’ drug to ‘cure’ HIV was so immense that the toxic drug AZT was rushed to market despite evidence that it increases, rather than decreases, mortality.

If you’re not persuaded by Duesberg’s arguments, or Farber’s, here’s another down-to-earth report by a Canadian feminist group. It’s not saying what the cause of AIDS is, it just asks a lot of penetrating and unanswered questions that cast serious doubt that HIV is the culprit.

You can see this learned helplessness — “it’s not my/our/anybody’s responsibility, it’s just a disease that strikes victims and must be killed” — in our response to all health crises, both chronic (cancer, autism) and epidemic (SARS, Mad Cow, poultry flu). There must be a drug that will kill the virus (and, when it rapidly mutates, another drug that will kill that virus) or that will kill the ‘defective’ gene that is the ’cause’ of the disease. Until then we are helpless to do anything but throw money at it, and shun or kill any group/species that seems to ‘carry’ it. We conveniently ignore the powerful correlations between the prevalence of AIDS and poverty, poor sanitation, toxic environments, and the use of dangerous drugs, because if we acknowledged them we would have to accept a responsibility to deal with these complex and intractable problems.

Suppose we got past this, and accepted that what triggers many diseases (which collectively kill a rapidly-growing percentage of humans) is a combination of the lifestyles we live (which are largely unhealthy), and the environmental toxins we consume when we eat, drink and breathe (which are also largely unhealthy)? Our entire economy depends on the very activities that produce these triggers. How would we offset the incalculable health costs of industry, resource extraction, transportation, and mechanized, chemical-based agriculture, against the economic costs of shutting down all these toxic activities and replacing them with healthy, natural, non-polluting, chemical-free, zero-waste activities?

Isn’t it just easier to go on believing, against all evidence, that science will come up with a microbe or a genetic marker to blame for all our health woes, and then a drug to kill it?

Just as it’s easier to believe our economy is the only workable one, and that, as a consequence, we have no choice but to graduate from an education system that teaches us nothing of use, and then beg for work from large corporations or big government organizations, doing, miserably, exactly as we’re told for most of our waking hours for most of our pathetic lives, living for weekends of unhealthy consumption, until some damned microbe (that research willsoon have a cure for) puts us out of our misery.

February 16, 2006

“That’s Not What I Meant”

Filed under: Our Culture / Ourselves — Dave Pollard @ 16:14
conversation
Wired News has a report on research that suggests the tone, and often the intent, of half of all e-mail is misconstrued by readers. Part of this is the general imprecision of language itself (and our lack of skill in using this blunt tool). The other part is the lack of ‘clues’ from other than the context of the words themselves — body language, facial expression, and especially tone of voice convey far more than the meaning of the words.

Here’s a very rude and hugely entertaining test you can try: Eavesdrop on couples in restaurants and, at first, don’t look at them — just pay attention to the tone of voice and the words they are using. You will probably find that (a) there is a substantial dissonance between the words they say and the tone of voice they use (if you wrote down the words and recited them deadpan the meaning would either be very different from the tone they use, or the meaning would be completely indecipherable), and (b) the tone of voice is a lot more ‘articulate’ (apparently closer to the real meaning that the speaker is trying to convey) than the choice of words. Now look at them, and see whether their facial expressions or body language convey something more, or different, from what you picked up from their tone of voice. If the couple know each other well, chances are any differences will be just subtleties of degree, not of substance.

When I’ve done this, it’s been hard for me (and whoever I’m eavesdropping with) not to laugh out loud. Couples in love emit these strange high-pitched sounds (males as well as females) that convey ardour much more clearly than their trite, bland word constructions. When a couple is not getting along, or have seemingly grown apart, their silences speak volumes, as do the sighs. Usually one person (not always the male) is doing most of the talking, and it’s like an agonizing fishing expedition, the talker trying to drag more than monosyllables out of the non-talker. There is an unmistakable distinct tone for: exhaustion, exasperation, nervousness, restlessness, growing interest (in either the conversation or the person with whom they are speaking), and growing disinterest (in groups of three or more that can be masked by silence; in couples the tone that evinces growing disinterest has kind of a choppy quality to it, like a verbal shrug). The fact that all these tones are so apparent despite the propensity of most males to dominate conversations is quite remarkable (women tend to convey tones much more succinctly than men).

I haven’t extended the research to larger groups, or to conversations between two males or two females, but I suspect that the general finding still applies — when it comes to meaning, tone trumps content, and the face and body just restate the tone for greater clarity.

I would also say that males, compared to females, tend to rely more on visual clues and less on aural clues. Most women can convey dripping sarcasm in less than a sentence, while walking away from you. When men try to do this, they sound like William Buckley. Meanwhile, the movements of men’s eyebrows and hands tend to telegraph (sometimes inadvertently) their feelings without even needing to talk. Women seem to have more control over these signals, perhaps because they know how easily other women pick up on them.

And don’t ever try to put one over on the family pet. Dogs can read your tone of voice and your facial expression and body language almost before you express them.

Another interesting experiment is to watch a television drama or comedy, or a movie, with the sound turned off, and then at some point turn the sound on and see how much you missed. I’ve found I laugh more at comedies when there’s no sound — clearly the actors are trying to make the best of generally lame scripts, and the annoying laugh track doesn’t interfere with your appreciation. You miss more in genuine dramas (as contrasted with so-called ‘action’ films, which are mostly cartoons without the clever animation) when you turn off the sound — though I confess that I’ve often found the plot and dialogue I’ve constructed in my head when I’ve turned the sound off, more interesting than the ones provided by the writers. But despite the plot divergence, I usually get the relationship (both its nature and quality) between the characters spot on without having to listen to a word they say.

So in case it wasn’t obvious, the message here is that if you’re trying to convey something important, do it in person, or at least by Skype or phone — and never try to convey criticism, sarcasm, irony (or any other subtle nuance) or bad news by e-mail. It will always be misconstrued, no matter how you try to finesse your message. In e-mail, smileys are just a way ofapologizing in advance for how you think you will be misunderstood.

Thanks to Dale Asberry for the link to the Wired article.

February 15, 2006

Three Things to Teach Your Children

Filed under: Our Culture / Ourselves — Dave Pollard @ 14:18
salamanderroom
When I say “your” children I don’t mean just your biological children, but rather all the young people that you have contact with — students, recruits, the children of friends. I believe that part of the reason for the dissociation of so many young people today is the fact that we don’t talk with them. We wait for them to ask us questions (having forgotten what it feels like to be in their shoes), or to screw up, so we can tell them, too late, what not to do. It is as if we consider it presumptuous to talk with them, as if we’re so ashamed of what we know and believe, and how little we have learned, that it would be of no value to them (or at least, they wouldn’t consider it of any value). Or perhaps our confidence has been so shattered by how little (and how poorly) we feel our own parents and elders taught us, that we’ve become to timid to even try. Some of us are so unpracticed at it that we’re probably afraid to talk with young people. We wouldn’t be the first generation to feel that, but it’s still a shame. We are leaving them an incredibly fucked-up world, and we owe them at least an explanation, a few pointers, some rules of thumb.

I have resolved to teach three things to the young people I am privileged to have the opportunity to speak with, and perhaps influence a little.

The first thing I will teach them, and perhaps the most important, is my biggest mistakes. As any improv expert will tell you, there is nothing as disarming as disarming yourself, telling some self-deprecating stories, making an unforced confession. Most of us are terrified of doing this (with anyone — employees, family, friends, let alone young people we think we are supposed to be some kind of role models for). Won’t they think less of us, distrust us, find us unreliable, turn away, if we tell them what we have done wrong? My experience has been the opposite. Even on this blog when I get self-critical it seems to endear me to readers more than scaring them away.

I’m not going to tell you, or any young acquaintances, my biggest mistakes in a list (it is a long list). That’s not the best way to teach anyone how to avoid those mistakes themselves. The best way is always by a story. It doesn’t even have to be in the first person, if that’s too embarrassing. My story about the mistakes I’ve made in my marriage was written as fiction, though readers who know me well saw right through it. My story about finally discovering what knowledge management was about (after wasting a lot of time and money doing the wrong thing) takes a half-hour to tell, and parts of it are pretty funny (humour always makes a story better, even if it’s a tragedy). If you’re no good at telling stories, it’s never too late to learn.

Why teach young people my mistakes? Not so much so they’ll avoid them (have you ever really learned from other people’s mistakes?) It’s more so they know it’s OK to make mistakes, that you survive them, that that’s how you learn yourself, that they make you stronger.

The second thing I will teach them are the critical life skills they don’t learn in school:
CriticalLifeSkills
I don’t really understand why these skills are not taught during all those interminable boring school days we force children to endure indoors, shut away from the real world. There are lots of theories, from a conspiracy to make us all dependent on the corporatist state, to a dearth of competencies in teaching these skills even if there were a will to do so.

But these skills are much better learned hands-on than in classrooms anyway. You don’t shove an article in front of someone and say “Here, read this, it will teach you how to think critically”. These are skills learned by practice. That entails going out and doing something with young people. How often do we do that? Is the aversion of the young to doing things with the old the result of experienced learning, or a fear of the unknown? If the idea of doing this is a little unnerving, if you’re feeling a bit rusty at intergenerational experiences of any kind, you’re far from alone. Use your imagination in picking the experience, and I’ll bet you the young people you share it with will still be talking about it twenty years later.

The third things I will teach them, and the least important of the three, is advice on how to live their lives. It is the least important because no one follows anyone else’s advice. Its purpose is not to instruct, but to show you care, which is even more important. And again, the best way to provide this advice is through stories. Here is some of the advice I will craft into stories to tell to my grand-daughters, and any other young people I can get to listen:

  • Learn as much as you can, especially skills that are useful, that make you independent and self-sufficient.
  • Love yourself. Give yourself time, space and permission to become your true authentic self. Ignore critics. Don’t be down on yourself for things you can’t control. Don’t judge yourself by others’ standards, or vice versa.
  • Even if it takes a lifetime, strive to find work that you love, and that you do better than anyone else — the work that is needed that you were meant to do. Settle for nothing less.
  • Don’t look for utopia. It doesn’t exist. You will know your place when you find it. It won’t be perfect, but it will be home. Open yourself to it, your senses, your instincts, and connect with all the life in it. Let it teach you to be part of the whole.
  • Love others without limit, without condition, without reservation. You will only be loved as much as you love others.
  • Don’t plan too much, or too far ahead. 
  • Do something, every day, to make the world a better place. It doesn’t have to be big. Help someone. Say “thank you”. Tell someone you love them.
  • Never let urgent things get in the way of your doing what’s important.

OK, that’s pretty simple, right? What’s missing? And why, if it’s so obvious and so important, aren’t we doing it?

Top illustration from the award-winning children’s book  The Salamander Room written by Anne Mazer and illustrated by Steve Johnson

February 14, 2006

Who We Are

Filed under: Our Culture / Ourselves — Dave Pollard @ 13:06
dnaIf we had any real idea how utterly alone and separate each of us is, it would likely drive us mad. When we talk with someone, we think we understand what they are saying, what they mean, what they are feeling when they say it, what it is like to be them, to be inside their body. We have no idea. When we express our love for someone, we think (or hope) that what they feel for us is similar to what we feel for them, we even imagine we are ‘as one’. We are not. We don’t really even know what it is like to be ourselves, who or what we really are.

Perhaps that’s we are so distraught at the idea of the individual as nothing but a collection of organisms that have self-organized for mutual advantage, and developed a mechanism (sex), and a code (DNA), that produces similar collections, already partly self-organized, to perpetuate not our species but theirs. The idea that our brain is nothing more than a warning system evolved by these organisms for their own survival is an affront to the idea of who we are. Our mind, science shows us, is just an incidental, our thoughts just ephemeral precipitates of this warning system brain. This sense of self, of one-ness is a kind of delusion, a hallucination, an imagining, and the sense of self-control is even more so. We are self-conscious not because that represents a higher evolution of life, but because it is a convenient mechanism for the protection of the organisms in whose service ‘we’, and that consciousness that we foolishly use to define ourselves, toil.

What madness, then, to believe that what this ‘body’ (this bag of chemicals that ‘are’ us) feels or thinks, can in any substantial way influence or communicate such feelings or thoughts to any other physical body! The 18 ‘conscious’ bits of the total 16 million bits of data that this bag processes each second is so minor as to be negligible. What arrogance to talk or think of ourselves as an ‘entity’, singular, when any idiot would realize that each of us is a collective, and that the part of us which is self-conscious is, in the vast local realm of things, insignificant. Why would we consider the unmusical gibberish of human language of any importance, when it is a mere extension of that warning system to other bags of chemicals, each containing 40 trillion cells and hosting another 40 trillion bacterial cells in a mutual arrangement devised a hundred million years ago, working together in ways that have been proven to work, not for the sake of conversation but for the sake of continuity of each of the 80 trillion co-habitants, three million of whom die or are sloughed off and are dutifully replaced every second?

To keep our brain in line, so it does not get sidetracked from its security work by the hallucinations of separate existence, our bodies wash it regularly in chemicals designed to addict it to the tasks at hand. Here’s how those addictions have played out to those collections of cells, those bags of chemicals, born (in large numbers, as instructed by their parents’ cells to replace the losses of war) as baby boomers:

In the 1950s, our first years, we were addicted to play. The purpose of that play was to discover and coordinate how to carry out our bodies’ instructions without causing unnecessary damage or exposing our collective cells to unnecessary risk. Don’t force us to read, we want to play! We couldn’t get enough of it, and many of ‘us’ still look back fondly at those ‘simple’ years. Nostalgia is, after all, just the longing for things we used to be addicted to, like the ex-smoker’s silent, sighing craving for a single puff, the longing that never really goes away.

In the 1960s, our teen years, we were addicted to love. The purpose of that addiction is to ‘socialize’ us, to ensure that each body stays physically close to similar, selected, healthy bodies in preparation for procreation, and to ensure that each body does not unduly harm other bodies (which could lead to isolation or scarcity of other bodies for procreation). Such intensity of emotion that new addiction brought us! — Will we ever feel that high again?

In the 1970s, we were addicted to sex. Fashion, social mores, everything about the 1970s reinforced this addiction. Its purpose, of course, was procreation.

In the 1980s, we became addicted to work and to self-fulfillment. Two-income families became accepted, and necessary. The purpose of the work addiction is to prepare the nest for the bodies we are programmed to want, more than anything else, to bring into the world, and to be ‘responsible’ for. We can’t help ourselves. Those who instead became addicted to self-fulfillment, having ‘decided’ (as if ‘they’ had anything to do with the decision!) to delay procreation until a better nest was available, found this substitute addiction to fill the void, to further improve their readiness for possible later procreation, or just to pass the time. Crows, other than the breeding pair, also fill their adult barren years with the distraction of discovery and recreation instead of procreation.

In the 1990s, we became addicted to wealth and consumption. There were ominous signs of a long ‘winter’ ahead, and we began to stockpile in preparation. No one seemed to notice that this behaviour was contrary to everything we claimed to believe in during the 1960s. We were under the influence of a different addiction, moved on to a new program. We amassed more than any generation in human history, and as one consequence are now the most unfit and overweight generation in human history. It’s not our fault, we’re just doing what ‘we’ are told.

Now, in the 2000s, having delayed procreation, we have at last become addicted to security. We must now be responsible for the new bodies we have brought into the world, and protect them. Get between us and our fledglings and we will attack without remorse.

All of this behaviour, of course, was designed many millennia ago, and a lot of it is horrifically ill-suited to the realities of the 21st century. No matter — we cannot be other than who and what ‘we’ are, responding to the instructions and addictions that have guided every living body on our planet since the era of the primordial soup. When it comes to impact on our actions, the faint realizations in the ‘conscious’ human brain and the incoherent ramblings of our invented abstract language are no match for our bodies’ stern and relentless marching orders. “Don’t worry your pretty little head“, they tell us, “we’ll tell you what to do. This is a time of great stress, we’re sensing, so go on the attack, against any body that threatens you, and kill off the weaker bodies in the flock so that there’s more for the stronger. And if that doesn’t suffice to ease thestress, then get prepared: You may have to eat your young.”

February 13, 2006

Eight Ways Your Innovation Program Can Go Wrong

Filed under: Working Smarter — Dave Pollard @ 15:06
InnovationCreativityModel
Innovation & Creativity Model ©2006 Dave Pollard & Meeting of Minds
(see explanation at end of this article)

The Doblin Group, whose model of the Ten Types of Innovation I’ve described before, has written an interesting article on eight ways innovation programs can go off the rails. They are:

  1. No shared understanding of what innovation is, how it works, how to achieve it.
  2. No clear innovation process, or at least none that works routinely and reliably.
  3. No clear diagnosis of where and how to find innovation opportunities, and how best to leverage existing strengths.
  4. No stated innovation mission that will open up new possibilities and inspire talented teams.
  5. No promising innovation projects — specific high potential initiatives that seem like winners.
  6. Limited experience or expertise in running innovation projects.
  7. Few deep insights about unmet customer needs, especially of the kind innovators can use.
  8. Difficulty choosing the right concepts and the right number of concepts for development.

This is a very wise list — I have seen companies’ innovation programs fail for all of these reasons. When we advise clients on innovation, we first come to agreement on what innovation is (or, in some cases, show them what innovation is, by taking them to visit a highly innovative company), and lay out and teach them an innovation process that they can make a continuous part of their organization’s way of operating.

Probably the hardest step is showing clients where and how to find innovation opportunities. A combination of (existing and potential) customer visits (using ‘cultural anthropology‘ observation techniques), visits to companies in other industries that have initiated innovations that might be applied to our client by analogy, and secondary (online) research including a continuous environmental scan, can be helpful in surfacing such opportunities, and the “where to look” checklists of Drucker, Porter and Christensen are also useful. Nevertheless, it takes a certain kind of mind to be able to perceive truly innovative possibilities from such a broad range of data. Perhaps this is why innovation consultants often end up doing ‘double duty’ as subject matter experts as well — actually coming up with many of the opportunities for their clients themselves, despite having vainly tried to teach their clients how to do so for themselves.

In my experience, only two factors will normally cause organizations to establish a compelling and well-articulated innovation mission: an urgent need to do so (financial difficulty or a serious competitive threat), or exceptionally visionary leadership (a CEO who sees the value of continuous innovation even though the company is already doing well).

A lack of good innovation projects can reflect either a lack of skill (or effort) identifying opportunities, or a lack of skill qualifying those opportunities. Qualifying opportunities requires a combination of creative and critical skills to explore, evolve and think through each opportunity — separating the most promising from the rest, combining several opportunities into one or two that really create a novel and valuable customer experience, and getting past incremental thinking and premature ‘black-hat’ thinking to identify prospects that are truly bold and innovative.

Obstacles 6 & 8 on the list above are often connected. Innovation takes a significant time investment, and also requires a willingness to tackle resistance in the organization — from those who are threatened by innovation, those who see innovation projects as detracting from incremental continuous improvement efforts and day-to-day process improvement and problem-solving activities, and those who see innovation projects cannibalizing R&D budgets that could otherwise be spent enhancing existing products and services. This is why innovation often needs to be carried out by a separate incubator or entity of the organization, free from turf and budget wars. And once the opportunities have been identified and fleshed out, there needs to be a rigorous process to assess the economics, feasibility, and strategic and cultural fit of each idea, and then to test, pilot and scale each idea, so that ideas that are not viable or suitable are ‘failed’ early and inexpensively.

A lack of insights about unmet customer needs (needs of both existing and potential customers) suggests that the organization is either not spending enough ‘face time’ out with customers (over-relying instead on secondary, in-office customer information like help line data and surveys), or not paying attention (observing, interviewing and listening) when they do spend that ‘face time’ (and in the process, assuming, usually incorrectly, that they know what customers need). If the organization is already struggling when it initiates its innovation program, this shortage of ‘face time’ can be hard to overcome, since employees may be so busy ‘fighting fires’ that they just don’t have time to spend identifying unmet customer needs. Or, at the opposite extreme, they may be so customer focused that customers come to see them solely as providers of what they currently do well, to the point that both they and their customers become ‘blind’ to unmet needs that the organization might be able to address with a bit of innovative effort.

It’s important for companies embarking on innovation programs, and their advisors, to be aware of and alert for these eight innovation ‘traps’, and how to deal with them when they arise.

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A note on the charts above: Over the past couple of years on this weblog I’ve introduced several models of innovation, reflecting my experience and evolving thinking on the subject. I thought it was time for me to integrate them into a single model, which I’ve done above. The top part, the organizational innovation model, shows the six steps in any organization’s innovation process, and within the ‘honeycomb’ the activities that go on continuously throughout all six steps of the process (including activities such as environmental scanning). It also shows the importance of outreach to customers (especially the most perceptive, ‘pathfinder’ customers), co-workers and communities (i.e. everyone affected by, and worth involving in, the process) at each of the six steps (including involving them in ‘thinking ahead’ programs, cultural anthropology and tapping ‘the wisdom of crowds as appropriate). It’s a generic model that can apply to organizations large or small, public or private, innovating in separate ‘incubators’ or as part of integrated operations. I’ll be writing more on this model in the weeks to come, especially as it relates to innovation programs in small, entrepreneurial organizations.

The lower part of the chart, the personal creativity, is likewise a synthesis of several articles and models I’ve presented recently. I thank Bengt J”rrehult and the authors of Presence, whose personal creativity cycle and U-model respectively got me thinking about this subject and how it interrelates with group innovation. The above model also incorporates my twenty learning/discovery capacities of re-becoming indigenous, because it occurred to me that those capacities are substantially about enabling personal creativity, something indigenous creatures seem to have in abundance. This process also breaks down into six steps, with the centering activity of self-awareness prevailing throughout the six steps, and another set of activities (shown on the periphery of the lower part of the chart) representing the activities each individual undertakes to involve others in each step of the personal creativity process. To the extent these ‘others’ are also the customers, co-workers and communities of the organizations in which we work, this model I think elegantly dovetails with the organizational innovationmodel above it. More on this, as well, in the weeks to come.

February 12, 2006

Sustainability, Cradle to Cradle

Filed under: Preparing for Civilization's End — Dave Pollard @ 19:09
fircone
I‘ve written before about the need to merge Bill McDonough’s cradle-to-cradle, zero-waste approach to the design of buildings, communities and systems, with a grassroots, bottom-up reinvention of business as natural enterprise, and cited his wonderful Hanover Principles for sustainable urban design. His famous question “What will it take for us to become indigenous once again — not as we were, but as we might be?” is one of my favourite quotes.

When I recently embraced David Suzuki’s model for Sustainability Within a Generation, coupled with my own 4-part model for bottom-up citizen involvement in sustainability (sustainability information exchange, natural enterprise education and certification, personal radical simplicity programs and model sustainable community development) a couple of readers reminded me of McDonough’s model and asked whether they were reconcilable. Good question!

Cradle to Cradle explains that most environmental programs today are designed essentially to “do less harm” by reducing, reusing and recycling etc. McDonough calls this eco-efficiency and says that, because it’s always fighting a rear-guard battle against a growth economy, it’s utterly inadequate to deal with the environmental problems we face today, and will face tomorrow. Just as one example, he says:

[With an eco-efficiency approach] many real-life decisions come down to comparing two things that are both less than ideal, as in the case of chlorine-free paper vs. recycled paper. You may find yourself choosing between a petrochemical-based fabric and an “all-natural” cotton that was produced with the help of petrochemically-generated nitrogen fertilizers and strip-mined radioactive phosphates, not to mention insecticides and herbicides. And beyond what you know there always lurk other troubling questions of social equity and broader ecological ramifications. When the choice is always between the frying pan and the fire, the chooser is apt to feel helpless and frustrated, which is why a more profound approach to redesign is necessary.

This more profound approach, McDonough says, is to follow nature’s model of eco-effectiveness. This entails separating the materials we use in human activity into biological substances (which can be sent back into the natural ecosystem, where they can actually benefit other creatures as nutrients) and technical substances (which can, with proper design, be 100% recollected and recycled or even upcycled (producing, in second use, products of greater value than their original use, with zero waste). Carpets and shoes, for example, could be made of two layers — a biological “outside” one that abrades over time, whose fibres could serve as nutrients in the soil or compost, and a much more durable technical “inside” layer that would be 100% recyclable, after its long life, into another identical product. McDonough has put his money where his mouth is, designing buildings whose water emissions are drinkable and purer than the water they use, and which produce more energy than they consume. He has proved that eco-effective, zero-waste products and processes are feasible, and surprisingly economic.

He suggests a 5-stage process for transitioning to eco-effectiveness:

  1. Free ourselves from the need to use harmful substances (e.g. PVC, lead, cadmium and mercury).
  2. Begin making informed design choices (materials and processes that are ecologically intelligent, respectful of all stakeholders, and which provide pleasure or delight).
  3. Introduce substance triage: (a) phase out known & suspected toxins, (b) search for alternatives to problematic substances, and (c) substitute for them ‘known positive’ substances.
  4. Begin comprehensive redesigns: to use only ‘known positives’, separate materials into biological and technical, and ensure zero waste in all processes and products.
  5. Reinvent entire processes and industries to produce ‘net positives’ — activities and products that actually improve the environment.

McDonough is a believer that there is no necessary conflict between ecology, economy (profit, and even growth), and equity (social fairness). Human ingenuity can, he claims, find win/wins that could eliminate our environmental problems and concerns without negatively affecting human wealth or well-being. All that is needed is awareness of the opportunities and a will to realize them, along with a realization that ‘all sustainability is local’ and that eco-effectiveness requires use of local materials and connection to local energy flows.

Well, perhaps. If everyone on the planet was as knowledgeable, open-minded and creative as Bill McDonough, I’d buy it. But humans don’t change direction, or their minds, that easily: That change occurs only when it has to, when there is unarguably no alternative. Even the realization that ‘all sustainability is local’ and the invention of zero-emission vehicles using renewable energy won’t eliminate the need for roads (which, besides being made largely of oil, have exterminated life on a large proportion of the planet’s surface). And McDonough doesn’t address our species’ passion for and dependence on antibiotics (a word that literally means ‘against life’), and its reliance on these ‘technical’ materials to inject and soak biologicals so that, in the massive concentrations we keep them in, they do not incubate continuous epidemics. And, most of all, while he touches on overpopulation early in Cradle to Cradle, McDonough doesn’t explain how even the most concerted application of eco-efficiency will allow human populations to continue to increase without the inevitable negative impact on biodiversity, and the ultimate impoverishment of all life on Earth.

So, getting back to the issue of how McDonough’s model fits with Suzuki’s and mine: I’m indebted to McDonough for proving that eco-effectiveness is not incompatible with economy and equity (though ironically, his book, made entirely of non-paper, technical, durable, 100% reusable without chemical processing materials, is printed in China). His principles can substantially inform several of the ten components of Suzuki’s plan, especially the four highlighted in green below:

  • Generate genuine wealth: Expand the narrow goal of economic growth to the triple-net objective of genuine wealth and well-being (ecology, economy, and equity).
  • Improve production eco-effectiveness: Increase the effectiveness of energy and resource use by a factor of four to 10 times.
  • Shift to clean energy: Replace fossil fuels with clean, low-impact renewable sources of energy.
  • Reduce waste and pollution: Move from a linear ìthrow-awayî economy to a cyclical ìcradle-to-cradleî economy.
  • Protect and conserve water: Recognize and respect the value of water in our laws, policies, and actions.
  • Produce healthy food: Ensure food is healthy, and produced in ways that do not compromise our land, water, or biodiversity.
  • Conserve, protect and restore nature: Take effective steps to stop the decline of biodiversity and revive the health of ecosystems.
  • Build sustainable cities: Avoid urban sprawl in order to protect agricultural land and wild places, and improve our quality of life.
  • Promote global sustainability: Increase affluent nations’ contribution to sustainable development in poor countries.
  • Introduce fiscal reforms: Shift taxes to promote sustainable and to discourage unsustainable production and consumption, and eliminate perverse subsidies that enable unsustainable business practices to be hugely profitable and which discourage innovation and inhibit competition from small enterprises.

They might also inform citizens engaged in the four complementary bottom-up activities that, with Suzuki’s, could produce a truly sustainable society:

  • Develop a Sustainability Information Exchange: which will allow all citizens to learn about, actively engage in discussion and create personal and collective action plans to help achieve sustainability within a generation. 
  • Develop sustainable enterprise training and certification programs: Develop and offer educational programs that show citizens, through visits to natural areas and sustainable enterprises and communities, how sustainability can work, and how to set up your own ‘natural enterprise‘. Create a method of certifying businesses as sustainable.
  • Design personal Radical Simplicity programs: Develop programs, networks and tools that will encourage and enable individual citizens to live a life of radical simplicity: how to use less stuff, reduce, reuse, recycle and refuse (to buy what’s not needed and not well and responsibly made), appreciate the virtues of a single-child family, relearn how to imagine and to trust our instincts, learn to become less dependent and more self-sufficient, become a vegetarian or vegan, find (or become) a role model of sustainability, and live a healthier, less stressful, more joyful life.
  • Design model sustainable communities: Encourage and enable the establishment and promotion of model sustainable communities, teach young people how to establish such intentional communities, and give them the opportunity to visit and learn about a living in a community that is wholly committed to sustainability and the well-being of all its members.

Perhaps most importantly, McDonough’s work shows that the task of achieving Suzuki’s ten sustainability plan elements need not involve a lot of political strong-arming of antagonistic corporations. It could be as simple as teaching corporate executives and bean-counters a few lessons in biomimicry, technology innovation, and business economics.

February 11, 2006

Links for the Week – Feb. 11/06

Filed under: Working Smarter — Dave Pollard @ 15:09
tarsands
Photo: Melina Mara, Washington Post

Canada’s Dirty Oil: If you want to know the real reason that incoming Canadian prime minister Harper plans to renege on Canada’s commitment to Kyoto, the answer can be found in the Pembina Institute’s report on the horrific environmental cost of developing Alberta’s tar sands — all of it in private hands, much of it foreign-owned. The development, which has already destroyed hundreds of thousands of acres of boreal forest (see photo above) and made the area Canada’s #1 source of air pollution, basically makes Canada’s Kyoto commitments unreachable. The oil companies were huge financial backers of Harper’s campaign, and now they want their payback. As Salon’s Andrew Leonard explains in a new report:

Tar-sands mining involves separating out the tar, or bitumen, from the sand. Where the deposits are relatively shallow, this involves the complete removal of everything on the surface — strip mining on a nearly inconceivable scale… All together, oil-sands mining is hugely energy intensive, causes massive air pollution, consumes vast amounts of fresh water, and results in gigantic concentrations of toxic “tailings” — the leftover sludge that remains after the bitumen has been successfully extracted.

The Real Nuclear Threat: India vs. Pakistan: James Coll in this week’s New Yorker describes just how close these nations came to a nuclear confrontation that would have cost hundreds of millions of lives, wit no one paying much attention, in the months after 9/11.

Turkish Blockbuster Portrays US as the Real ‘Bad Guys’: A hugely popular Turkish film Iraq: Valley of the Wolves depicts as its hero a Turkish Intelligence agent who travels to Iraq to successfully stop the atrocities of the rogue American soldiers. Thanks to Dale Asberry for this link and the one that follows.

The Fourteen Worst Corporate Evildoers: I think these are all on the boycott list, and there are no real surprises here, except the absence of ExxonMobil and Koch Industries from the list.

Don’t Tell Me What I Should Like: Another new service, Pandora, claims to be able to learn your musical tastes from your feedback. Like all its predecessors, including Amazon’s allegedly very costly one, it utterly fails, at least in my case. Someone needs to study why bloggers can predict so well what books their regular readers are likely to enjoy, while heuristic algorithms that can draw on millions of datapoints for pattern recognition do so abysmally. Someone has to get this right. A hint: non-fiction tastes should be much easier than either fiction or music to predict. Thanks to Innovation Weekly for this link.

How to Find Untapped Needs: Clay Christensen in HBR reinforces a point that I made last summer: Don’t analyze your market by age and gender demographics, and your products by attributes, analyze your marker by affinity (community of common wants and needs) and your products by the tasks they do. Men aged 35-49 don’t need a 1/8″ drilldo-it-yourselfers need a 1/8″ hole. It is at the intersection of affinity and tasks that you’ll find the untapped need, and all the clues you need on how to design theappropriate product and who to design it for.

February 10, 2006

Anomie Society: Disengagement, Dissociation and Attention Deficit

Filed under: Our Culture / Ourselves — Dave Pollard @ 10:02
casket
Yesterday’s article on the disengagement of half of the US population has me wondering, again, whether the cause of this, and some of the other strange manifestations of our time, is stress — too many people jammed unnaturally close together struggling over scarce resources and enormous and conflicting psychological pressure, much of it stemming from causes that no one has any real control over. I think Canadians and Europeans live in a somewhat kinder, gentler society where these pressures are less pronounced, but I sense some of the ‘anomie’ I referred to here as well, especially in our young people. I wonder whether it is behind the kind of mindless violence that boils over in English soccer stands, in the poor, segregated French suburbs, and perhaps even in the furious outrage of a billion struggling people over a bunch of cartoons.

I wonder, too, whether Americans’ insatiable appetite for more and more violent films and ‘reality TV’ that wallows in and laughs at the most extreme forms of human misery (both of the inflicted and self-administered variety — these ‘idol’ elimination programs revel in cruelty and ridicule far more than they celebrate any kind of talent) are outlets for this growing detachment that requires more and more powerful shocks to register above the numbness. The media pandering to this accelerating tendency seem to be trying to address not attention challenges caused by information overload, but an attention deficit caused, perhaps, by an unwillingness to even register information that is seen as utterly meaningless and relentlessly boring.

A while ago I threw out the idea of a magazine that would suggest possible individual actions at the end of each article and would allow you to detach, organize and file the articles you were personally acting on. While I still see this as valuable for the socially and politically engaged, I now wonder whether half the population would see this as a preposterous exercise in self-delusion and personal hubris.

I find myself suffering from mild symptoms of this attention deficit: Lack of concentration, to the point I now find reading a complete work of fiction intolerably frustrating. And a constant restlessness during social events (I find myself ‘browsing’ the crowd in an often futile search for a conversation that can hold my focus). Some people tell me I have developed an annoying habit of not looking at people while I’m talking with them, as if something more important is preoccupying me. I notice these symptoms, and more pronounced, jarring ones as well, in others, especially young males, for whom conversations seem like a discontinuous mental journey in and out of reality, as if they’re engaged in a constant internal struggle for any kind of connection and attention.

I wonder if this disengagement isn’t symptomatic of a more profound underlying problem of dissociation in our culture. Dissociation is generally a defensive reaction, to trauma or chronic stress or extreme anxiety, a coping mechanism. In advanced cases it can lead to psychopathy, where the person emotionally distances him/herself from the consequences of his/her actions, becoming wildly impulsive, remorseless, deceptive, easily bored, and prone to blame others (this diagnosis has been, quite seriously, made of George Bush, whose inability to string together a coherent sentence is attributed not to illiteracy but to dissociation). Dissociation isn’t always the result of some extreme childhood abuse or injury, or severe post-traumatic stress. It can result from much subtler, but chronic stresses — thekind many of us face in our modern world every day.

February 9, 2006

Why Both Conservatives and Progressives Are Out of Touch With Mainstream Americans

Filed under: How the World Really Works — Dave Pollard @ 22:01
ValuesQuadrants1
Trust a Canadian to unearth the reason why both conservatives and liberals feel angry and under siege in America. Pollster Michael Adams, whose last book Fire & Ice explained the growing divergence of values between Americans and Canadians, now dissects the American ‘culture wars’ in a new book American Backlash and concludes that:

It’s not the values of the politically ascendant conservatives or the values of politically challenged progressives that are growing most rapidly — but the values of the 50% of America that is politically disengaged — risk-taking, thrill-seeking, fatalism, survival-of-the-fittest false Darwinism, exclusion, ostentatious consumption, and status-seeking… The values of the politically disengaged lack any sign of idealism: These Americans seem to reject both the Republican (traditional religion and values, father-led home, obedience to authority) and Democratic (gender equality, inclusion, tolerance, and personal spirituality) visions of the good life and the ideal community.

On the chart above, the 110 values surveyed (defined in the book) are plotted according to where they fall on the 2-by-2 grid. The values that have become significantly more important to Americans since 1992 are shown in bold. An acceptance of violence as inevitable, persuasive and cathartic (multiple questions were asked to get at the different aspects of this value, and the different aspects of all the values surveyed) showed the greatest increase of any of the 110 values. There has been a commensurate drop in the proportion of respondents holding many of the values that both conservatives and progressives hold dear (those in the upper left quadrant).

The book contains an interesting perspective on the Lakoffian ‘frames’ of progressives and conservatives. The conservative frame sees the values in the single vertical dimension depicted in the above chart — those at the top are highly valued, while those at the bottom are despised and often ascribed (incorrectly) to liberals. Likewise, the progressive frame sees the values in the single horizontal dimension depicted in the above chart — those at the left are highly valued, while those at the right are abhorred and often ascribed (incorrectly) to conservatives. Since the prevailing trend of values is towards the lower right, both conservatives and progressives, through their different, one-dimensional frames, see ‘America going to Hell’ — moving away from their cherished values. They’re both right, and both wrong.

Adams has accumulated an exhaustive set of data from detailed interviews with thousands of Americans over twelve years. The book explains how he digs for the underlying values, not the surface manifestations of them, and looks for significant trends and demographic differences. His findings will be controversial: Not only does he find a growing proportion of Americans disengaged, disenchanted, and fatalistic, but this small plurality is especially pronounced in young Americans of all stripes, races, regions and economic backgrounds, and is growing among older Americans. Here’s where the average American, by the most significant demographics, now places his/her values on this grid (arrows show the directional trend, where known):

ValuesQuadrants2

As reported in his earlier book, US values are not only very different (fire and ice) from those of Canadians and Europeans (excepting the British) but diverging. The recent trend of voting Americans (towards the upper right quadrant) has favoured the conservatives, but it is dwarfed by the contrary, and more marked, fuck-it-all nihilism of the larger group of non-voting Americans, who, despite being repeatedly told the 2004 election was the most important in a generation, mostly remained indifferent to both parties’ pleas and warnings. The age and gender breakdown, shown in red dots above, suggests the trend is accelerating and is especially prevalent among young Americans — good reason for both conservatives and progressives to be very worried. The regional breakdown is interesting — the East and West coasts are far apart, with New Englanders’ values closely aligned to Canadians’, and Pacific coasters (as always) trend-setting the growing alienation and disenchantment of the nation.

Adams’ counter-intuitive assessment — that liberals and conservatives are closer in values to each other than either group is to non-voting Americans, is backed up by a lot of intriguing data in the book — such as the fact that church attendance of Americans has remained essentially unchanged for a half-century, and that independent polls consistently show that Americans have grown much more suspicious of, and indifferent to the plight of, their fellow citizens, a trend that started long before 9/11.

In the latter part of the book, Adams surprisingly seems to write off this angry and disengaged plurality and instead focuses on how progressives and conservatives can broaden their appeal among the voters who are still paying attention. Maybe my idealism is getting the better of me, but it seems to me it would be worthwhile for Adams, and for those who would rescue the disengaged from their political indifference, to delve further into what lies behind the fatalism, ostentatious consumption, thrill-seeking, and anomie (and, considering the threats of global warming, the end of oil, and overpopulation, especially what Adams calls ‘ecological fatalism’ — the widely-held view among the disengaged that the environment is beyond saving) — and fix it before it starts to tear the country’s social fabric apart. I am a little too young to remember the last wave of disengaged youth (in the 1950s, rebel without a cause years), but that might be a place to start. Youth disengagement has, on many occasions in human history, been a precursor to especially brutal exhibitions of civil and international violence. America may well be, as Adams says, “perpetually exceptional”, but when what makes it exceptional is intellectual, psychological, and emotional withdrawal on a massive scale, that sounds to me like cause for alarm. There’s a generation gap larger and more perplexing than anything we’ve seen in a half-century, and book or two in this line of investigation for someone.

Note on the graphics: I have reversed the left and right-hand labels, and positions of all segments and values on these graphics accordingly, from those shown in the book, to bring them into conformity with the accepted liberal-libertarian/ conservative-authoritarian minus/plus 2-by-2 orientation, which for some reason Adams chooses to flip. I’vedone this solely to make the graphics more intuitive.

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