Saturday Links for the Week – December 23, 2006

christmas card patricia romance

Marketers and Corporatists Still Don’t Get It: An article in the NYT previews companies that try to analyze web data to assess consumer demand for their products and their brand reputation. If you really want evidence that marketing will soon be dead once and for all, read what these losers are trying to do. They still don’t understand that in the new world, every customer is a market of one, communicating peer to peer with other markets of one. The use of secondary research to look for patterns and meaningful buzz in these millions of individual context-rich conversations is the modern-day equivalent of alchemy. But it’s no surprise that the corporatists, who know no better, lap it up.

Children of Men: A Movie About Environmental Apocalypse: “Beset by racial intolerance, continental pandemics, rising international terrorism and environmental chaos, writer-director Alfonso Cuaron’s fictitious world has managed to render itself infertile. Loosely based on the book by British mystery writer P.D. James, Cuaron says he uses global infertility as a metaphor for the fading sense of hope that he — and countless others — seem to be feeling these days.” An ironic way to depict a world that will be plagued by too many people, but it sounds interesting. Watch for it. Thanks to Jon Husband for the link.

Exploring the Nature of Conversation: The Co-Intelligence Institute presents a variety of points of view on the nature of dialogue and conversation, and how to make it more effective. A great overview. Thanks to Siona van Dijk for the link.

The Future’s So Bright They’ve Gotta Wear Shades: A website allowing people to predict the future and then bet on it with others (the proceeds going to charity) is so replete with technophilia and devoid of predictions of environmental and social catastrophe, I’ve gotta wonder what planet these people are living on, ’cause it sure isn’t the one I know. Thanks to John Maloney for the link.

Climate Change Roadmap for New England and Eastern Canada: An interesting partial implement of George Monbiot’s (Heat) prescription, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions for this area by 75% by mid-century (Monbiot says we need to reduce them by 90% by 2030). But definitely dreaming in technicolour, since it would require massive foresight and collaboration from a majority of politicians and citizens. Thanks to Craig De Ruisseau for the link.

German City Tries to Live Without Cars: Well, with fewer cars, anyway. Thanks to Cindy Hoong for the link.

Ontario Power Generation (formerly Ontario Hydro) is Canada’s Worst Polluter: No surprise that most of the country’s worst polluters are energy utilities, with the top few alone accounting for over 15% of the country’s greenhouse gases.

Understand the Present Before You Try to Change It: An interesting article in Core77 suggests that one of the keys to innovation is better detective work on why things have evolved to be the way they are now. Thanks to Innovation Weekly for the link.

Iraq Slides from Civil War to Genocide: Time magazine suggests the corollary to the civil war will be attempts by each faction to exterminate the rest. Thanks to Dale Asberry for the link.

Thought for the Week: Something I said I three years ago:

If you were to ask me if, at age 52, I would be willing to give up the rest of my life for the chance to experience five years as a songbird (an average lifespan for such birds — though crows and geese live 15-20 years and parrots 80 or more), to give up the security and intelligence and property I have accumulated and live free of the demands of human life, to live in Now Time, spending an hour or four each day finding food, and the rest of the day simply living, just being alive as part of this wonderful, magical world, to be completely free of any demands orrestrictions, to be able to fly, I would say: In a heartbeat.

I still feel the same way.

Posted in Our Culture / Ourselves | 4 Comments

The Wisdom of Crowds Ignored, and Buying Local for the Gift Economy

rain road Freeman Patterson
I drove to work today in the rain, listening to Christmas choral music. No snow around or in the forecast. Just wearing a sweater, no coat. Some people find the warm weather and green grass spoils their Christmas spirit, but it doesnít bother me at all. Itís the people, and the places, that make the season, not the weather.

Two quick matters today. First, my colleague Gordon Vala-Webb points to a recent article in Henry Jenkinsí blog lamenting that tapping the Wisdom of Crowds (the collective knowledge of employees and customers on all key organizational and new product development decisions) has not really caught on in business. He blames this (as we have blamed so many ëbusiness takeupí failures over the past few decades) on lack of incentives for the crowd to participate.

But my experience has been that employees and customers love to offer their opinion on whatís needed and what should be done, as long as they think the interest in their opinion is genuine and will be acted upon. I donít believe additional incentives like ëmaking a game of ití are necessary. I question whether this type of incentive even works. The real reason Wisdom of Crowds hasnít caught on in business? (1) Management isnít really interested in the opinions of employees and customers ñ they think they have all the answers and that their judgement is better than the ëcrowdísí, and (2) If it were to be found (as I believe it would) that the crowd makes better decisions than management, what need is there for management? With most executives obscenely overpaid for what they contribute (and, to be fair, over-blamed when things go wrong), nothing could be more terrifying than a cheaper, better replacement for the entire upper hierarchy of organizations.

Second, in this weekís New Yorker, James Surowiecki makes a compelling argument that those impersonal gift cards/certificates that so many of us give now are a better choice than a ërealí gift, because in most cases the value of the real gift to the recipient is less than what the giver paid for it. He also argues that therefore buying less expensive gifts makes more sense, because there is an inadequate ëROIí on the more expensive one.

You canít argue with the logic, but while I am buying less expensive (but well-made) gifts and relying more on ëhintsí from those I love as to what they would like to receive, Christmas is about more than sensible investing. What makes even more sense than cheap gifts and gift cards are hand-made gifts, which contribute to the advancement of the Gift Economy (the one Christmas gift exchange was originally about), and gifts that are made locally. Many businesses depend on the flurry of Christmas buying to make or break their whole year. What better opportunity, then, to help locally-owned businesses that make products and employ people locally carry on for another year (good for the local economy and the environment), and help sink businesses that import (especially from horrific regimes like Chinaís),outsource, and offshore?

Have a merry, green Christmas, everyone.

Posted in How the World Really Works | 3 Comments

A World of Uncertainty

chipmunk
P
erhaps the counterpoint to my point Tuesday about the need for ëless talk and more actioní is the need to embrace complexity and, with it, uncertainty, including uncertainty about what to do. An editorial in todayís NYT by a theology professor expresses alarm about the authorís perception that there is an increasing demand for certainty and absolutism in our society, and an increasing intolerance not only for opposing orthodoxy but also for ambiguity, ambivalence, and compromise.

This inflexibility and lack of resilience is the sign of a society that is growing increasingly unhealthy and unable to adapt to changing realities. It manifests itself in nostalgia for simpler times and a lazy propensity to seek and settle for simple answers, where there are none, or at least not any that work. Itís understandable as we grow increasingly impatient at our inability to bring about urgently-needed change, but doctrinaire thinking tends to work only for those who want no change ñ you can win converts for the status quo, because thereís only one status quo, but the minute you start to preach one single change prescription for the worldís problems you face opposition and resistance not only from conservatives but from other progressives who want to go forward in a different direction. Complexity precludes achieving broad consensus on What to do. Thatís depressing, because it reduces the probability that weíll be able to bring about any meaningful change before our civilization collapses from its excesses, so itís something most progressives donít want to admit, or even think about.

To address a dilemma in a complex environment requires a lot of small-scale collective experiments, and allowing those experiments that succeed to succeed virally (with ‘success’ meaning sustainability, simplicity, and sufficiency). Itís a slow process. It may well not work. It may all be too late. But we can learn a lot from watching animals in the wild solve problems (like the squirrels conquering the baffles between them and the bird feeders). They donít preconceive of one simple certain solution to a problem. Everything in their lives is tentative, unpredictable, uncertain, in constant flow. They try a lot of things, starting with the simplest and moving to more complicated schemes. They learn from every failure. They hold themselves open to other possibilities. Unlike us, they never give up. And also unlike us, they usually find somethingthat works.

Image is from the cover of Bernd Heinrich’s Winter World. 

Posted in Our Culture / Ourselves | 5 Comments

The Challenge of Reintermediation

 PKM Enabled Organization
Iíve said before that I think information professionals (both those with library science backgrounds and those with IT backgrounds) are the most undervalued and underutilized people in most organizations. Over the past decade, many organizations have deployed a lot of knowledge resources and technology out to the front lines in an attempt to get

  1. improvements in productivity,
  2. research done by the people who really know the organizationís business, and how the research will be applied, and
  3. more valuable knowledge being shared throughout the organization. 

This process of ëblowing up the corporate libraryí is called disintermediation.

Initially, this met with some success. Younger employees in particular were able to get information and do things that they couldnít before. But over time, even the enthusiasts realized that

  1. as they moved up the ranks in the organization, they simply didnít have the time for do-it-yourself research anymore,
  2. they really werenít very good at doing research anyway (no one ever taught them how to do it), and
  3. the really valuable knowledge transfer was still through context-rich conversations, not by sharing documents. 

As a consequence, more and more staff have been looking for people (librarians, subordinates, administrative assistants) to reintermediate this work ñ to take it back off their hands.

So now, there is a clamouring among front-line staff for someone to:

But hereís the dilemma:

  1. Most large organizations have been so massively ëhollowed outí by the downsizing, outsourcing and offshoring of ëback officeí staff that there is no one left to do this work.
  2. Most information professionals are really good at doing ëknowledge and technologyí stuff, but donít really understand the business of the organizations that employ them (they havenít worked in the field themselves or come up through the ranks).
  3. Most information professionals arenít skilled or comfortable with the ëcustomer anthropologyí work needed to help people one-on-one in the field, and also aren’t skilled at adding meaning and value to information.

These are difficult problems to overcome. To wait for managers to understand and address these problems on their own initiative is pure folly. If reintermediation is to have a chance to succeed, itís going to need champions like university faculties of information science, library science and knowledge management, and professional librarians’ associations. And these champions are going to have to do three things:

  1. Teach customer anthropology, personal productivity improvement, advanced research and analysis skills, and capacity for adding meaning and value to information, both in university programs for information professionals, and in continuous education programs.
  2. Engrain in the minds of executives and recruiters the importance of training information professionals in the business of their organizations very early in their employment, so they have the context to apply their IP skills effectively to the organizationís problems. This might require either a special orientation or a ëshadowingí program to allow new IPs to see and ask about what those on the front lines actually do, and what their information needs are.
  3. Develop case studies and success stories about reintermediation that show that it works, and why, and hence to overcome management resistance to commit time and resources in order to ëfill back iní their hollowed out organizations. Alas, most executives still think the solution for people who canít (or wonít) powerfully use the knowledge and technology available to them, is to fire them.

Thatís the challenge. Iíll be talking with students and conferences attendees over the next year about this need and some possible approaches to addressing it. If youíre an information professional, Iíd love to hear your ideas on whatelse we can do.

Posted in Working Smarter | 4 Comments

Too Much Talk, Not Enough Action: But What To Do?

conversation
A 2004 article by Rob Cross describes research related to the purpose and value of social networking activities. The researchís interviewees overwhelmingly cited actionability as the most important attribute of knowledge, acquired from social networking activities, that they considered valuable. Specifically, they said, knowledge is actionable if it:

  1. Offers ëhow do Ií solutions, rather than theory
  2. Offers ëwho knows about xí referrals to experts
  3. Offers ëhave you thought aboutí problem reformulations
  4. Offers ëwe agree thatí validation of perceptions and intentions, or
  5. Offers legitimization of intentions by adding approval and hence the weight of authority

How much of our social networking ñ blogging, e-mails, phone and cafÈ conversations, meetups, conferences, unconferences, forums and collaborations ñ actually gives us know-how, referrals, problem reformulations, validation or legitimization ñ stuff we can act on? Most of the networking time I spend is consumed in these most unactionable activities:

  • Deciphering (or trying to decipher) what each other means/believes
  • Seeking (often without finding) consensus
  • In hierarchical situations, seeking/giving approval or instruction
  • Administration: organizing, scheduling, transmitting data and meta-data (links and other ëinformation about informationí)

And how much of the five types of ëactionableí knowledge in Robís list actually results in real, meaningful, sustainable change ñ of process, behaviour or mind? Not much, Iíd say. Many have argues that most bloggers and blog readers, for example, are looking in the ëecho chamberí for confirmation of what they already believe (preferably in an entertaining format) ñ type 4 stuff. At best, that might push people to move from belief to action on that belief. But Iím skeptical ñ for many, confirmation seems to be more an excuse for inaction (ëif we all agree, surely someone else is likely to do something about ití) than a provocation to action.

Most people who know me will tell you that I tend to dominate conversations ñ speak more than listen. But lately in social situations Iíve been strangely silent (to the great consternation of those who know me and wonder whatís wrong). Iíve come to value the silent company of cats and dogs and birds and whatever other wild creatures I find myself in company with, to the noisy conversation that used to consume much of my waking life. Perhaps this is due to:

  • The bloggerís habit of writing more than talking, and finding blog comments frustratingly unintelligible and context-poor (and wondering whether my own writing suffers from similar faults)
  • Realizing how little real communication actually occurs in conversation, and how much the real purpose of conversation seems to be to combat the loneliness and meaninglessness of so much of our isolated, disconnected and constrained lives ñ in other words, to make us feel better
  • The growing sense that we talk because we have to do something but are at a loss as to what to do, so we just go on chattering in endless circles, a dance that accomplishes nothing

Next week, from the 24th through the 31st, Iíve resolved to take a sabbatical, not only from blogging (I desperately need to set aside some time to update my table of contents for the last eight monthsí postings, and get caught up on e-mails, anyway), but from all unfocused ësocial networkingí ñ from all ësmall talkí and other human interactions that are not directed to meaningful, sustainable change (which, regular readers know, means mostly Let-Self-Change). My recent Let-Self-Change activities have been advanced further through contemplation, observation and reflection, often in the quiet company of (animal and human) others, with no conversation and no media distractions, than through vocal social activities, reading or research.

Iím not sure why this is. Perhaps itís because Iíve absorbed so much information and so many ideas in recent months that I just need time to digest it. Or perhaps Iím appreciating that our bodies process much more ëinformationí than our brains, and that our brains (if weíre paying attention) process a huge amount of information even in the absence of language. In fact, Iím beginning to wonder if language isnít actually an impediment to learning and an impediment to change, forcing us to ëabstractí everything we perceive and think before we can understand what it ëmeansí. Our instincts seem much quicker and more adept at this than our conscious minds.

Whatever the reason, I need to shut up for awhile. And I need others to just shut up for awhile and just ëcommuneí silently with me (physically or virtually) ñ pay attention, think about things ‘generously’ without preconception, open our senses to non-linguistic ëinformationí, to perception, to meaning, to see what is real and what is being ërealizedí all around us.

Maybe if we talk less about what we should do, we will finally come to ërealizeí what we must do.

Painting “In Deep Conversation” by Irish artist Pam O’Connell

Posted in Our Culture / Ourselves | 2 Comments

Workarounds

workaroundIn the technology world, the term workaround means a temporary solution, prior to a fix being instituted. But in the real world, where systems are complex, workarounds are evolutionary and continual ñ they are ësimplyí the way the world works. Evolutionary adaptation is a process of making small changes to see what works, and to work around obstacles to the success of the species. Bacteria and viruses are especially good at this, and despite our attempts to ‘protect’ ourselves by soaking our world with toxic chemicals, these remarkable creatures keep learning and evolving to stay one step ahead of us. Products that ìkill 99% of all germsî notwithstanding, the total biomass of bacteria on this planet exceeds the total biomass of humanity. Cancers, alas, are similarly adaptable.

Humans, too, are excellent at finding workarounds. We learn what works by performing multiple experiments, and when we find something that works, we adopt it. The failures we document, at least in our memories, and resolve not to repeat them.

If youíve ever conducted cultural anthropology in organizations youíve worked with, youíve probably observed the lengths people will go to to do their jobs the best way possible despite the obstacles in their path. Those obstacles can be physical (groups far apart that need to work together), or cultural (how to tell the boss that everything is screwed up without falling victim to the ëshoot the messengerí syndrome). Or they may be a consequence of the diseconomies of size (bureaucracy increases by the square of the number of staff members). Or they may be imposed, perhaps with the best intentions, by hierarchical managers. Whatever the cause, the workers always seem to find workarounds that allow them to do their job as effectively as possible, despite the obstacles, and sometimes at the risk of violating policies, orders or accepted practices.

The same thing applies in society at large: Traffic flows in uncontrolled intersections tend in most situations to be faster and more effective than those with stoplights, no matter how well synchronized. We ‘work around’ accidents, sick children, dysfunctional marriages, and the loss of loved ones, without an instruction manual, and manage, for the most part, to cope pretty well through it all. We live in a world with millions of laws and regulations, but the reality is that most of them are largely unenforced and probably unenforceable, so we mostly ëtake the law into our own handsí and do what we must to compensate and adapt.

And then, as I keep saying (call it Pollardís Law), after we do what we must, then we do whatís easy, and then we do whatís fun. In our terrible modern world, there is no time for anything else: If it isnít (yet) a must, and isnít easy or fun, it simply wonít get done. Thatís why, for the most part, Getting Things Done-style time management systems that try to defy Pollardís Law are doomed to fail, and why the only hope for procrastinators is learning to say no to the urgent but (ultimately) unimportant tasks that consume most of our time: By refusing to do them, we take them off the ëmustí list and make room for more of the ëeasyí and ëfuní list items. Or, at least, we manage to get through the rest of the ëmustí list without burning ourselves out.

Our workarounds are designed primarily to allow us to comply with the items on our ëmustí list without becoming completely dysfunctional. But what if, instead of, or in addition to, workarounds for compliance, we were to develop some subversive workarounds that would allow us to do some really important things that would otherwise never get done (important things like ending global warming, ending world poverty, you know, saving the world and stuff), by making those things easier or more fun to do? That is, instead of trying to make them ëmustsí for politicians (which is hopeless, since we all know what the real ëmustsí are for politicians, and who they serve).

A natural enterprise is a type of workaround. At some point in our life, many of us reach the stage at which working as a wage slave for a dysfunctional large and rapacious organization becomes, for one of a variety of reasons (stress, disgust) intolerable. We ëmustí do something else, something more human, more responsible. A few drop out and become hermits or revolutionaries or suicides, but for most we look for a workaround ñ the least amount of change that meets the requirement.

Initially, then, we look for an established organization that needs our gift and/or passion and appears tolerable to work for. If that doesnít pan out, we may be prepared to compromise and do something we donít really love, or arenít particularly talented at, as long as itís for an organization that seems to have its heart in the right place, and/or co-workers we like. Failing that, we may try to find the easiest way to entrepreneurship ñ usually a sole proprietorship with minimal costs and risks, or starting a business in a tried and true industry using the processes that are the fastest ñ buying your way into an established market.

That usually fails (for all the reasons my many natural enterprise articles explain), so then we reach a crossroads of either (a) doing our homework and investing the time and energy to establish a truly natural enterprise, or (b) giving up and getting seduced back into the corporatist world with a shrug that ìit really wasnít that badî or ìtried the alternatives and none of them workedî. The decision on which of (a) or (b) we will pursue is not a decision at all ñ it is foreordained based on our perception of what we ëmustí do, what is easy and what is fun. My starry-eyed ambition is to convince people that natural entrepreneurship is both easier and more fun than they might think, but thereís really no point talking with them until theyíve decided on their own terms they ëmustí give it a try.

An intentional community likewise is a type of workaround. We will try it only if and when we ëmustí find another way of living in community ñ when living as a nuclear family in an anonymous, transient builder-designed (for their benefit, not yours) ëcommunityí where no one knows or trusts anyone else becomes simply intolerable. In these circumstances we will probably look to blame our family first, for not being everything we need, and most will try serial monogamy before realizing that that is not the problem. Then, we will look for an intentional community that is already established and looking for new members. Only when that fails will we consider looking for partners and establishing our own. We will only do it when we must, when the thought of any other alternative is unbearable. And it wonít be easy, so it had better be fun.

I could go on and explain that networks for peer-to-peer connectivity, co-organization, co-operation and co-development are also workarounds, but you get the idea.

So how could we ëfomentí change by making such workarounds easier and more fun? And can we also foment dissatisfaction so that an ìIíd like to do this some dayî becomes an ìI must do this now

I think the answer to the first question is yes, and thatís why Iím so hot on building ëworking modelsí and discovering and telling stories of success at creating natural enterprises, intentional communities and (to stretch the meaning of the term a bit) ëpeer productioní networks. Nothing succeeds like success, and working models show itís easier than most might think, while success stories show itís more fun than most might dare believe.

Iím not so sure about the second question. Iíve said before that while my genius (where my gift and passion overlap) is imagining possibilities, my purpose (how Iím destined to apply that genius) is fomenting dissatisfaction. Iíve done a lot of that on this blog, but Iíd argue that the people who Iíve pushed closer to The Edge through my writing were already ready, and just waiting for a nudge. I havenít changed minds, just tapped into a dissatisfaction that was already there. And to the extent I canít (yet) proffer working models to give productive, easy, joyful vent to that dissatisfaction, I may be doing no good at all. Some of my readers have said, in fact, that I should suspend blogging until I have (co-)developed (or at least connected with) successful working models that those who I can get to acknowledge the ëmustí can immediately apply and adapt easily and joyfully. One wrote to me: ìWe like reading How to Save the World, but would appreciate more ëhowí, more instruction and less urgingî.

The thing about workarounds, though, is that theyíre adaptive in a specific context ñ no bacteria send a message out to other bacteria saying ìhereís the template for working around the latest toxic human chemicalî. Workarounds may be co-developed by a small group, but theyíre personal, suited to a very specific situation. So perhaps what is needed, more than workaround databases and additional ìhowî instructions, is more capacity for workarounds in general, some redevelopment of our latent ability to adapt instead of waiting to be told what to do. This is the essence of my Let-Self-Change philosophy.

Is there a general ëmethodologyí for discovering and instituting workarounds? If there is, I suspect it would be something like this:

  1. Observe and understand the current state ñ why things are the way they are, and how they got that way. Get other perspectives if you can.
  2. Articulate why the current state is intolerable ñ why the cost of not changing is so high that change is a ëmustí. If you canít do this, stop there.
  3. Identify the alternative workarounds, and which and how many of them might be easily tried (multiple experiments), before deciding what the ëbestí workaround is. Do this collectively with others who appreciate the need for change and understand the current state.
  4. Try as many of the simplest alternatives as possible. Come to a consensus on which ones work best. If theyíre unsatisfactory, try less simple alternatives.
  5. If the alternatives you plan to institute will affect people you care about, tell them what youíre going to do.
  6. Usually, though not always, it is better to beg forgiveness than to ask permission for workarounds. Use your discretion in this.
  7. Make the changes. Help others understand and make them, too.
  8. If (as often happens) the changes encounter additional obstacles, find workarounds for them, too (back to step 1).
  9. Donít be stubborn, unduly idealistic, or too wedded to your initial ideas, but also donít give up at the first sign of resistance. In a word, be adaptable. Do what works ñ which might not be what you thought at first would work.
  10. If you get bogged down in the process, just begin. Sometimes intentionality alone can start, and accomplish, remarkable things. And you always learn more about the real problem once you startexploring and trying solutions.

And finally, if the changes you have decided upon are all things other people have to do, and nothing you have to do (i.e. no Let-Self-Change), then acknowledge that the chance of this actually happening is zero.

Posted in Collapse Watch | 2 Comments

Sunday Open Thread — December 17, 2006

What I’m Planning on Writing About Soon:

  • Reintermediation: Why hollowed-out organizations are impoverished and fragile, and how to fill them out again, in a brave new way.
  • Experience-Based Decision Making: It seems an obvious choice, until you understand why the alternatives hold sway.
  • Making Blog Comments and Forums and Wikis Work: Do we need groundrules to enable real conversations, and would anyone follow the groundrules if we did?
  • The Long Tail: Why the tail will never wag the dog (while it’s attached to the dog).
  • How to Just Begin to Let-Self-Change: And when. They say the first step is the hardest…

What I’m Thinking About:

workaroundWorkarounds: The corollary to my Rule #1 of Human Nature (we do what we must, then we do what’s easy, then we do what’s fun) is that workarounds (which often allow us to do what we must, as easily and enjoyably as possible) probably dominate both organizational and social behaviour. If we want to understand how to bring about change in organizations or society, we need to understand why workarounds work (and when they work, and when they don’t). Could we work around hirerachy? Could we work around The Edge? Could workarounds save the world?

I’m also thinking about the role of art, and artists, in social change.

And, as we head into the final week of frenzied pre-Christmas consumerism, I’m trying to remind myself that regardless of one’s religious views, the act of giving presents could be a subversive way to give birth to a trueGenerosity Economy.

What’s on your mind these days?

Posted in Our Culture / Ourselves | 4 Comments

Links for the Week — December 16, 2006: The Generosity and Contemplation Edition

maketradefair

Make Trade Fair

(*Sigh* Links for the week are late again…)

Creating Community:
A brilliant and far-reaching essay by Inspector Lohmann explores why civilization culture deliberately destroys community to sustain its hierarchical control, and how we might re-establish community in spite of this. Thanks to Jon Husband for the link.

The Gift Economy, Part 1: San Francisco’s Really Really Free Market allows people once a month to give what they have that has value, and to take what they find that has value to them. No price tags, no keeping score. Just trusting your fellow human beings to be generousand fair. And it works.

The Gift Economy, Part 2: Canada’s Point Seven Campaign encourages everyone to donate 0.7% of their annual gross income to those in greatest need, as a nudge to governments to do likewise. Thanks to my work colleague Paul Sawtell for the link.

Why We Let People Lie to Us: A series of articles by Paul Ekman discusses why we are predisposed to trust people and how liars exploit that predisposition. Thanks to Dale Asberry for the link.

Crohn’s Disease Forum: For those suffering from Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis. Thanks to Michael Yarmolinsky for the link.

What Is The Semantic Web?: Nova Spivak explains the concept, and why software that is more intelligent matters. Thanks to Jon Husband for this link too.

Ebola Threatens Gorillas With Extinction: One of our two genetically closest relatives could be wiped out by a disease we barely understand.

A Strategy to Exit Military Presence from the Entire Mideast: Three professors make a compelling case for not only exiting Iraq and Afghanistan militarily immediately, but moving back from the Mideast entirely to nearby Asian and Indian Ocean sites.

Just for Fun Department:
Soy Causes Homosexuality!: A hilarious review of the wingnut tabloid WorldNetDaily by the always witty Sheri Zollinger.

Posted in How the World Really Works | 1 Comment

La Donaca Ekonomio

(Thanks to Robert Read for translating this article into Esperanto for Esperanto Day 2006)

giftLa Ideo: La Donaca Ekononmia ofertas al ĉiuj metodon por lerni, kompreni, regi, kaj ŝanĝi nian mondon. Ĝi estas natura ekonomio, trempita en milionoj de jaroj de la antaŭ-civilizacio homa kulturo kaj la kulturo de la tuta vivaro sur Tero. Se sufiĉo ĝin akceptus, la moderna “merkato” ekonomio, konstruita de la eraraj kaj malhomaj fundamentoj de la malegaleco, malabundo, mismezuro de valoro kaj akiremeco, ne povus travivi.

Kelkojn de la komentoj mi ricevis pri AHA! The Discovery & Learning Centre (esperante: AHA! La Malkovrada kaj Lernado Centro) temas pri reciprokeco (la angla vorto: reciprocity nun bedaŭrinde implicas negocitan merkatan interŝangon, anstataŭ la pli simpla ideo de divido sen devo.) Mi klarigis ke AHA! malaltigos la ‘koston’ de transdono de scio kaj ideoj, kaj ekvaligos la valoron ni juĝas pri la kontribuoj fare de ĉiuj unuopoj al eltrova kaj lerna konversacio, por ke ne estas ‘krompago’ pri la kontribuo de eksperto, por ke egaj ideoj kaj grava scio estas kostelportebla al ĉiuj. La fina rezulto povas esti, se ni havas la komunan volon por atingi ĝin, mondo en kiu ĉio estas senkosta, kaj ĉio havas nemezureblan valoron. Ĉio el ĉi tio konformas, mi pensas, al la (eknune tre populara) koncepto de la Donaco Ekonomio, kio tute ne samas al ‘komerca’ aŭ eĉ varinterŝanĝada ekonomio.

Kio estas la Donaca Ekonomia? Ĝerma verko pri la temo estis skribita antaŭ pli ol 20 jaroj de Lewis HYDE, libro nomiĝa La Donaco: Imagpovo kaj la erotika vivo de posedaĵo (The Gift: Imagination and the Erotic Life of Property). HYDE verkis:

Mi parolas de la interna donaco kiuj ni akceptas kiel la celo de nia laboro, kaj la ekstera donaco, kiu igis veturilo de kulturo. Mi ne koncernas pri la donaocj tioj, kiojn oni donas pro malico aŭ timo; nek pri la donacojn ni akceptas pro servemaĉeco aŭ devo; mi koncernas pri la donaco ni sopiras al, la donaco, tia, tiam ĝi venas, parolas komande al la animo kaj neresisteble nin movas.

En ŝia recenzo de la libro (kio mi ankoraŭ ne legis), JoAnn Schwartz writes:

HYDE interesiĝas pri esplori kiel efikas nia nuna submerĝo en la merkata ekonomio kaj la mito de la libera merkato sur nia penso pri donacoj kaj nia ebleco donaci kaj ricevi ilin. La merkata ekonomio estas intence nepersona, sed la tuta celo de la ‘donaca ekonomio’ estas starigi kaj fortigi la rilatojn inter ni, por kunigi nin unu al la alio. Estas ĉi tio elemento de rilato kio gvidas HYDE al paroli de donaco interŝanĝo tiel ‘erotika’ komerco, kontrastante eros (la principo de allogo, unigo, engaĝigo kio kunligas) kontraŭ logos (razono kaj logiko ĝenerale, kaj la principo de apartigo specife). Merkata ekonomio estas emanano de logos.

En merkata ekonomio, oni povas hamstri siajn posedaĵojn sen perdo de riĉeco. Ja, riĉeco altiĝas per hamstrado—tamen ni kutime nomas ĝin “ŝparado”. Kontraste, en donaco ekonomio, riĉeco malaltiĝas per hamstrado, por estas la cirkulado de la donacoj inter la komunumo kiuj kondukas al pliabundiĝo—pliabundiĝo de kontaktoj, kreskigo de forto de rilatoj. Per tio libro, HYDE helpas nin enfokusigi la gravecon de donacoj, ilia fluo kaj movado kaj la efikego ke la moderna merkato efikis sur la cirkulado de donacojn. Jen ekspliko fare de Genevieve VAUGHAN pri la fundamenta diferenco de la ‘interŝanĝa’ aŭ ‘merkata’ ekonomio kaj Donaca Ekonomio:

La nuna ekonomia sistemo fundametas sur interŝango, donado por ricevi. La motivo estas sin-orienta tial kio estas donata revenas per malsama formo al la donanto por kontentigi la bezonon de li aŭ ŝi. La kontentigo de la bezono de la aliulo estas pero al la kontentigo de la propra bezono de oni mem. Interŝanĝo postulas identigon de la aĵoj interŝanĝitaj, kaj ankaŭ la mezuron kaj la aserton de la valoregalode ĝi ĝis la sufiĉa kontento de la interŝanĝantoj ke nek unu nek alio donas pli ol li aŭ ŝi ricevas. Tial postulas videbleco, allogante atento malgraŭ ke ĝi estas farita tiel ofte ke la videbleco estas kutima. Mono eniras la interŝanĝo, anstataŭante la rolo de la produktoj, reflektante iliaj kvanta elvalorigo.

La videbleco mem de la interŝanĝo estas mem-konfirmanta, sed aliaj specoj de interago — eduka, malavarica kaj ali-cela donacoj — igas nevidebla aŭ malplivolora pro komparo aŭ negativa priskribo. Tio, kio estas nevidebla ŝajnas senvalora, dum tio, kio estas videbla, estas identita kun la interŝanĝo, kio koncernas pri precipa speco de kvanta valoro. Plue, ĉar estas valoregalo asertata inter kion ni donas kaj kion ni ricevas, ŝajnas ke kiu havas multon tial produktis multon aŭ estas donitan multon, kaj estas, do, iel ‘pli’ ol oni kiu havas malpli. Interŝanĝo metas la egoon en la ĉefa loko kaj permesas ĝin kreski kaj evolui en manieroj kiuj emfazas la mi-unuajn, konkursajn kaj hierarkiajn kondutemojn. La egoo ne estas esenca parto de homo, sed estas socia produkto, farita de la specoj de homo interrilatoj, en kioj ĝi estas engaĝiĝa.

Do la interŝanĝo aŭ ‘merkata’ ekonomio estas firme fiksiĝa en la konceptoj de malegaleco, malabundo, mezurebla valoregalo, kaj akiremo, sed la Donaca Ekonomio havas radikojn en la konceptojn de malkvantebleco, malavarico kaj kunligeco. Tiel Eric RAYMOND ĝin esprimas:

Donac-kulturoj estas adaptiĝoj al ne malabundo, sed abundo. Ili estiĝas en popolatecoj kiuj ne havas problemojn pro signifa malabundon da materialo de endaĵoj por travivi. Ni povas observi donac-kulturojn inter indiĝenaj kulturoj kiuj loĝas en ekologiaj lokoj kun mildaj klimoj kaj abunda nutraĵo. Ni povas ankaŭ observi ilin en specifaj tavoloj de nia socio, precipe en distra komerco, scienco, la libera kaj senkosta sofvaro movado, kaj inter la tre riĉaj.

En ‘merkato’ ekonomio, diras HYDE, la plej alta stato apartenas al tiuj, kiuj akiris la plej multon. En Donaca Ekonomio, la plej alta stato apartenas al tiuj, kiuj estas donante la plej multon. Sed kio estas la plej grava, le diras, estas ke la donaco devas ĉiam moviĝas. Tion ideon lastatempe popularigis mojosa eta filmo nomita “Pagu ĝin antaŭe” (angle: “Pay it Forward”). Ĉio donaco estas ĝia propra rekompenco, sed la rekompenco estas multobligata, sen limo, kiam la donaco, aŭ io ajn donaco, estas pasata al alioj. Rakonto estas donaco. Blogoj estas donacoj. Ideoj kaj ekkomprenoj kaj instruoj kaj konsiloj estas donacoj. Konversacioj estas donacoj.

Ĉi tie estas donaco de Chris CORRIGAN, Jack RICCHIUTO and George NEMETH, mirinda 45-minuta Skypecast (publikita per “Skype” sistemo) konversacio (kun la kontribuoj de George bedaŭrinde neaŭdebla). Mi pagas ĝin antaŭe per ligi al ĝi kaj per resumi sube iom da ekstraktoj mi ĝin elprenis, multo de kiuj koncernas la Donaca Ekonomio.

Ĝis oni prezentas ion al homoj, por kion ili malsatas, vi ne povas riveli la plej bono en ili. Ni ĉiu havas malsaton por ligon, por “kamaradoj” kiuj komprenas nia framo, nia referencokadro.

Retblogoj (rettaglibroj) povas krei potencajn virtualajn rilatojn. Post oni legis ilin oni iĝas “scii” la aŭtoro kaj kiam oni tiam “renkontos” ilin vi povas poste ekkomenci labori tuj.

La novaĵkomunikiloj senigas nin de rekta emocia kunligo al nia mondo. Ni nun spektas la ĉefa televida novaĵpersono por indicoj pri kiel ni reagu al la novaĵon. La novaĵkomunikioj mediacias nian emocian respondon al la ekstera mondo.

Kiam tribaj pliaĝuloj observas “Malferma Spaco (angle: Open Space)”, ili diras, “Ĉi tio estas precize kiel ni antaŭe kunvenis.” Malferma Spaco estas la indiĝena tekniko, tekniko de kunligado, permesante rapida burĝonon de ekkompreno.

Kiam ion estas donata, io ĉiam estas intrinsike redonata en interŝanĝo. Tamen, donacoj funkcias plej bone kiam vi pagas ilin antaŭen. Vi devas trovi alian ejon por uzi viajn lernadojn akiritajn de aliuloj—estas tiu pasado al aliaj kiuj kreas la Donaca Ekonomio.

Sciencoj dum longa tempo komprenis la Donacan Ekonomion, la retuma metodo per kio ili donas ilian pensojn unu al la alio kaj rilatas unu al la alio. Ĉi tiel estas kiel la vera scienco okazas. La interreto servas similan celon, tiel oni kiu penas malsukcese profiti aŭ enboteligi scion per la interreto malkovris.

La Donaca Ekonomio estas pri ‘povo’ — oni ne povas esti pasiva konsumanto de donacojn. Ĉiujn kapablas kontribui, kaj la retumo kreskos sole per la kazo ke ĉiujn returnas al aliaj uloj la donacojn, kiujn oni ricevas. Ni devas lerni konscii nia propran povan.

Amiko de [Chris], Lakota kuracisto, parolas pri la ‘cirklo de kuraĝo’, kaj priskribas kiel donacado kreskigas memrespekto kaj tial la animo. Ĉiuj, li diras, devas konstrui kvar ‘kapablojn’:

  • La kapablo de membriĝi — reflektante la bezonon, esti agnoskata
  • La kapablo de majstreco — reflektante la bezonon, konstrui persona kompetenteco
  • La kapablo de sendependeco — reflektante la bezonon, scii vian propran povon
  • La kapablo de sindoneco — reflektante la bezonon, scii vian propran bonecon

La manieroj per kio ni kunligas — tioj ‘teknikoj’, bezonas esti por la servo de spiritoĉeesto. Malferma Spaco kaj similaj teknikoj kreas kondiĉojn por aŭtentika spiritoĉeesto. Ĉi tioj teknikoj funkcias plej bone kiam ili ‘foriras’, kiam pro bona proceza dezajno la tekniko estas nevidebla, travidebla. Tiam, kiam vi estas en ĝi, ĝi estas simpla ĉar ĝi estas natura. Ĝi estas nur parto de la procezo.

Bonaj teknikoj provizas ‘verandan estetikon’ kio ebligas naturan konversacion, komforton, kaj kontakton.

Se ni akceptas ke ni ne posedas ĉiojn de la respondoj, tiam ni agnoskas ke ĉiu el ni havas gravegan eron de la respondo, kaj tio gravas, kio estas la aro kaj eliĝo de la eroj de vero, kiujn ĉiu de ni portas.

Jen bonega donaco de “Jes!” (angle: “Yes!”) gazeto fare de Beverly FELDMAN and Charles GRAY: 37 manieroj per kiuj vi povas partopreni la Donaca Ekonomio. Kion plu povas ni fari por kaŭzi la Donacan Ekonomion? La plej grava aferoj ni povas fari estas interne—transformiĝo de la maniero per kiu ni observas la mondon kaj ĝiaj ekonomiaj principoj kaj tiel ni traktas aliaj ulojn, kaj la mondo en kiu ni vivas. Chris nomas ĝin “pasio limigata de respondeco”. Respondeco simple akceptata, ne trudata sur nin. Pasio kia venas de kompreno kaj senso de persona kapablo. Ni bezonas daŭre engaĝi nin mem kaj aliajn en komuniko kaj kontakto, kaj batalegi la komercan komunikilan pardigmon de pasiva konsumo kaj la merkata-ekonomio paradigmo ke oni nur donu, kiam oni ricevas mezureblan justan valoron por rekompenco. Ni bezonas konstante inviti unu al la alio por respondi al la tut-grave demando Pri kion vi vere zorgas?

Kiam ni engaĝas sin reciproke per konversacio pri la demando, ni malfermas eblecojn, ni komencas senti kaj ekscii nian propran povon, kapablon, kaj majstrecon, ni agnoskas ke sindonemeco ne rilatas al alamozo, kaj ni sensas ke la movon kaj forton de kolektiva kompreno, volon kaj pasion. Ni konstatas ke kune, kolektive, kunlaborante, ni scias plu, kaj scias pli bone, ol niaj estroj, presidentoj, firmao-estroj, ekonomiistoj, ekspertoj, kaj alioj kiuj elprofitas nian pasivecon por diri al ni kion ni faru kaj kredu, kaj semas en ni sentojn de senhelpeco, dependeco, kaj manieco. Ni havas pli de kapablo kaj povo por agi ol ĉiuj de la multnaciaj korporacioj kaj la tiranoj kaj la ŝtataj aparatoj de rego kaj subpremo.

Perhaps AHA! komencos ĝian mandaton ne nur ekzemplonte la atribuojn kaj kapablojn de la Donaca Ekonomio, sed kunlaborante helpante enkuraĝigi kaj plivastigi tio ekonomio, ebligonte ĝin subfosi la mannova ekonomio kaj anstataŭi ĝin per unu de alparo, abundo, kaj sindonemo kaj kunligeco, tiel helponte nin imagpovi kaj efektivigi mondon sen monon, sen persona posedaĵo, sen malriĉego, sen ‘ekonomia malsaneco’ (tioj, kioj mortigas miloj ĉiusemajne simple ĉar la malaltkostaj kaj ĉieaj sanigoj estas malkostelporteblaj al duono de la homoj de la mondo.) Mondo kie la nura ideo ke poluado, ekologia detruo, perdo de biodiverseco, sklaveco kaj fi-elprofiteco de homoj kaj aliaj bestoj povas estis ‘ekonomia’, iĝas simple absurda.

Kiel Chris diras, “Kiam ĉiu de ni faras ion kio estas pli vera al tiu, kiu ni kore estas, la kolektiva rezulto de ĉioj de tioj agoj povas havi profundan implicon por la dirketo de nia mondo.”

Posted in Collapse Watch | 1 Comment

Getting Environmentally Friendly Transportation Back on the Rails

train
In an article last year, I suggested that environmentally-conscious travelers should take the train. Recently Iíve been taking my own advice: On weekdays, once I get from my home in the country to my current contract office, I take the Toronto subway everywhere from there. On my recent trip to London, I took the Underground and National Rail everywhere, which entailed lots of walking (and since every minute spent walking adds three minutes to your healthy life, that is no sacrifice) and also entailed the kindness of my out-of-town hosts to pick me up at the nearest station. I took the ultramodern and luxurious (and expensive) Heathrow Express high-speed train from the city to the airport.

In San Jose last month, I took the (underused) LRT between the airport and the conference centre. Iíve taken the commuter ëGOí train into and out of Toronto (and would take it more often if it came nearer to where I live). Iíve taken the Canadian national passenger rail system train ëVIAí to London Ontario and to Montreal. Iíve been on the Metro in Montreal and Paris, and tram cars in San Francisco, Toronto and Frankfurt.

Other than the fact they all ride on rails, the above user experiences have nothing in common. Comfort, cost, speed, amenities, efficiency, reliability, service and convenience are all over the map. (No I take that back: They all have one other thing in common ñ they are all money-losing propositions.)

To the extent they replace automobile miles and are reasonably full, they are reducing greenhouse gas emissions and are therefore a ëgreení form of transportation. Some of them are not losing a lot of money. And if drivers were charged the full cost of the road damage they caused, rent on the vast amount of real estate that has to be paved over to accommodate them, and the remediation cost of the incremental pollution they cost, they would be losing a lot more money than the rail services plying the same routes. So why arenít we following the example of some European countries and investing in rail big-time?

The main reason is cultural: Many people hate traveling with strangers, and will do and pay almost anything to avoid it (especially when they are reimbursed or given a tax deduction for doing so). The busiest (and often least unprofitable) rail systems offer few amenities to passengers to allow them to do useful things while theyíre in transit, so they cannot improve productivity as much as they might. Because theyíre relatively cheap, they tend to attract some rather peculiar and sometimes anti-social and even criminal passengers, making some routes unpleasant and even unsafe. And because theyíre not door-to-door, they require people to walk a lot more, sometimes in poor weather, which involves trading off time expended now against increased life expectancy later ñ a tough choice.

The second reason is that, to be useful, rails need to be added in very busy places, displacing existing uses of space at great cost in public inconvenience (during construction), noise and expropriation. Where they use existing routes, they need to compete with freight trains for scarce rail resources ñ and freight is a more profitable use of these resources, and also saves greenhouse gas emissions compared to truck shipment.

For these two reasons, rail has now, in most places, fallen short of the ëtipping pointí at which it becomes sensible to rip up and displace existing land use for the benefit of social and environmental savings. A recent study by the very progressive Toronto government concluded that it made more economic sense to add ëhigh occupancy vehicleí (HOV) lanes (available only to cars with 3 or more passengers) to reduce the number of vehicles on the road, than to extend the subway system (which works quite well for the areas it covers, but which lacks coverage outside a few main traffic corridors).

Not only is this a pragmatic economic decision, it reflects an understanding of human culture as well. As I have said so often, we do what we must, then we do whatís easy, then we do whatís fun. Riding the rails is, for many, none of these three things. Trying to make rail transportation easier (more, faster routes) and more fun (more amenities and comfort) generally entails making it more expensive, and itís risky ñ thereís no guarantee people will change their established, private commuting behaviour no matter how easy and fun it is, if driving is considered easier and more fun. To make it work, it has to be compulsory ñ the only way from point A to B ñ and for most politicians making it compulsory is political suicide. Even expropriating lanes from existing expressways as HOV lanes raises howls of protest from drivers who claim they cannot carpool and hence get nothing in return for a slower commute.

In his book Heat, George Monbiot argues that airplane travel, the most environmentally destructive form of travel by any measure, cannot be made less damaging and must simply be prohibited or rationed. He also calls for fast, frequent, comfortable buses with many amenities (i.e. easy and fun) using HOV lanes to be added to connect the outermost subway/rail stations in cities with those citiesí major suburban and exurban hubs. That idea makes sense, but probably only if the alternative of driving along these routes is either prohibited or made prohibitively slow or prohibitively expensive.

What heís talking about is what Dave Snowden calls ëattractorsí and ëbarriersí in complex systems ñ mechanisms and interventions that positively (attractors) or negatively (barriers) affect human behaviours. My argument is that attractors that make things easy and fun are rarely enough ñ you also need barriers that make the behaviours you want to discourage impossible (not just difficult or socially unacceptable). Thatís the cynic in me, but Iíd love to hear some examples to disprove this (North American examples, please: Europeans have been known to do things that are easy and fun even when this involves changing behaviour voluntarily; North Americans, not so much).

So we can, and should, institute big-time taxes (barriers) on ëbadsí (consumption of gasoline, gouging up roads with 18-wheelers, driving in areas well-served by public transport) and use the proceeds to provide subsidies (attractors) for ëgoodsí (clean, renewable energy and energy-efficient transportation). We should stop allowing transportation costs as a tax-deductible expense (barrier). We should stop building new expressways for cars (barrier). We should make public transportation more convenient, faster, more productive, more efficient and more reliable (attractors). We should institute Monbiotís luxury peripheries-out public transportation systems, with gourmet restaurants and wifi onboard, and perhaps even shopping malls on rails (attractor).

But, especially for the rich and those reimbursed for extravagance by their employer, none of this will be enough. In fact, by literally driving the poor and self-employed off the roads, these steps will actually make the expressways faster and more convenient for the die-hards and encourage others to join them (a phenomenon Monbiot calls the ërebound effectí).

Since above all else we do what we must, what is needed are barriers that make extravagance impossible, while at the same time providing attractors to encourage others to support the new barriers. For example, if we were to dig up roads and parking lots and replace them with gardens, parks and community centres, the outraged commuters would face not only the courageous politicians but also the fans of these new pedestrian amenities. Skeptics might call this a ëdivide and conquerí strategy but I think it could work.

What other barrier-attractor one-two combinations can you think of, that would make driving (and flying) virtually impossible while simultaneously creating a new delight? For example, organizations can already get a win-win by allowing their employees to telecommute (more productivity, lower office costs) but this is not enough to encourage a lot of organizations (especially those in government services) to go this route, even with videoconferencing now being virtually free. What could we do that would make commuting long distances so onerous as to be impossible, while at the same time making telecommuting even more attractive to both employer and employee? And what could we do to make ëbuying localí a more delightful experience, while making driving to box malls even more excruciating than it already is? The answers need to be simple and inexpensive aswell as barriers and attractors in one.

Imagine this, and let me know what you come up with. 

Posted in How the World Really Works | 9 Comments